Countries, citizens and organisations of all kinds around the world are currently working together towards the common good, the Sustainable Development Goals, as advocated and monitored by the United Nations. People in Western industrialised countries, known as the Global North, are expected to play a major role. However, recent international problems, such as pandemics, wars in Europe and refugee crises around the world, have severely hampered cooperation towards the SDG goals. The UN system, which sounds the alarm on crises at the global level, is also facing economic difficulties. For much of its funding, the UN relies on voluntary contributions from developed governments in the global North. As Western democracies are accountable to their citizens for the expenditure of public funds, the understanding and cooperation of their citizens is essential for the sustainable operation of the UN as the governing body of the SDGs. The starting point for this study was the question of how to maintain and improve the voluntary financial contributions from developed countries on which the UN depends. Focusing on two regions - Europe, a normative force in the world, and Japan, which has the potential to further increase its contributions - the study sought to explain the phenomenon using the methodology of social constructivism in international relations. As a result, it has been possible to articulate a cultural difference in the context of these two regions, which share values in some respects and contrast sharply in others. The contribution of this study is that it has brought a step closer to the shape of European civilisation, which has a lot of internal diversity, by contrasting it with Japan, which is one of the Western countries but has a different historical background from Europe. Furthermore, the study used the methodology of cross- -cultural psychology to test whether the behaviour of the smallest cultural actors, the individual, has the same constructs as those found in the methodology of international relations among European students and young Japanese of similar age with a bachelor's degree. The general preference for European norms among them and the finding of three specific intercultural ideas strongly suggested the usefulness of the interaction between European and Japanese studies and between international relations and psychology as a methodology.
Anotace v angličtině
Countries, citizens and organisations of all kinds around the world are currently working together towards the common good, the Sustainable Development Goals, as advocated and monitored by the United Nations. People in Western industrialised countries, known as the Global North, are expected to play a major role. However, recent international problems, such as pandemics, wars in Europe and refugee crises around the world, have severely hampered cooperation towards the SDG goals. The UN system, which sounds the alarm on crises at the global level, is also facing economic difficulties. For much of its funding, the UN relies on voluntary contributions from developed governments in the global North. As Western democracies are accountable to their citizens for the expenditure of public funds, the understanding and cooperation of their citizens is essential for the sustainable operation of the UN as the governing body of the SDGs. The starting point for this study was the question of how to maintain and improve the voluntary financial contributions from developed countries on which the UN depends. Focusing on two regions - Europe, a normative force in the world, and Japan, which has the potential to further increase its contributions - the study sought to explain the phenomenon using the methodology of social constructivism in international relations. As a result, it has been possible to articulate a cultural difference in the context of these two regions, which share values in some respects and contrast sharply in others. The contribution of this study is that it has brought a step closer to the shape of European civilisation, which has a lot of internal diversity, by contrasting it with Japan, which is one of the Western countries but has a different historical background from Europe. Furthermore, the study used the methodology of cross- -cultural psychology to test whether the behaviour of the smallest cultural actors, the individual, has the same constructs as those found in the methodology of international relations among European students and young Japanese of similar age with a bachelor's degree. The general preference for European norms among them and the finding of three specific intercultural ideas strongly suggested the usefulness of the interaction between European and Japanese studies and between international relations and psychology as a methodology.
Klíčová slova
Social Constructivism, Cross-cultural Psychology, UN, EU, Japan
Klíčová slova v angličtině
Social Constructivism, Cross-cultural Psychology, UN, EU, Japan
Rozsah průvodní práce
142 p. (Main, 29 863 words)
Jazyk
UK
Anotace
Countries, citizens and organisations of all kinds around the world are currently working together towards the common good, the Sustainable Development Goals, as advocated and monitored by the United Nations. People in Western industrialised countries, known as the Global North, are expected to play a major role. However, recent international problems, such as pandemics, wars in Europe and refugee crises around the world, have severely hampered cooperation towards the SDG goals. The UN system, which sounds the alarm on crises at the global level, is also facing economic difficulties. For much of its funding, the UN relies on voluntary contributions from developed governments in the global North. As Western democracies are accountable to their citizens for the expenditure of public funds, the understanding and cooperation of their citizens is essential for the sustainable operation of the UN as the governing body of the SDGs. The starting point for this study was the question of how to maintain and improve the voluntary financial contributions from developed countries on which the UN depends. Focusing on two regions - Europe, a normative force in the world, and Japan, which has the potential to further increase its contributions - the study sought to explain the phenomenon using the methodology of social constructivism in international relations. As a result, it has been possible to articulate a cultural difference in the context of these two regions, which share values in some respects and contrast sharply in others. The contribution of this study is that it has brought a step closer to the shape of European civilisation, which has a lot of internal diversity, by contrasting it with Japan, which is one of the Western countries but has a different historical background from Europe. Furthermore, the study used the methodology of cross- -cultural psychology to test whether the behaviour of the smallest cultural actors, the individual, has the same constructs as those found in the methodology of international relations among European students and young Japanese of similar age with a bachelor's degree. The general preference for European norms among them and the finding of three specific intercultural ideas strongly suggested the usefulness of the interaction between European and Japanese studies and between international relations and psychology as a methodology.
Anotace v angličtině
Countries, citizens and organisations of all kinds around the world are currently working together towards the common good, the Sustainable Development Goals, as advocated and monitored by the United Nations. People in Western industrialised countries, known as the Global North, are expected to play a major role. However, recent international problems, such as pandemics, wars in Europe and refugee crises around the world, have severely hampered cooperation towards the SDG goals. The UN system, which sounds the alarm on crises at the global level, is also facing economic difficulties. For much of its funding, the UN relies on voluntary contributions from developed governments in the global North. As Western democracies are accountable to their citizens for the expenditure of public funds, the understanding and cooperation of their citizens is essential for the sustainable operation of the UN as the governing body of the SDGs. The starting point for this study was the question of how to maintain and improve the voluntary financial contributions from developed countries on which the UN depends. Focusing on two regions - Europe, a normative force in the world, and Japan, which has the potential to further increase its contributions - the study sought to explain the phenomenon using the methodology of social constructivism in international relations. As a result, it has been possible to articulate a cultural difference in the context of these two regions, which share values in some respects and contrast sharply in others. The contribution of this study is that it has brought a step closer to the shape of European civilisation, which has a lot of internal diversity, by contrasting it with Japan, which is one of the Western countries but has a different historical background from Europe. Furthermore, the study used the methodology of cross- -cultural psychology to test whether the behaviour of the smallest cultural actors, the individual, has the same constructs as those found in the methodology of international relations among European students and young Japanese of similar age with a bachelor's degree. The general preference for European norms among them and the finding of three specific intercultural ideas strongly suggested the usefulness of the interaction between European and Japanese studies and between international relations and psychology as a methodology.
Klíčová slova
Social Constructivism, Cross-cultural Psychology, UN, EU, Japan
Klíčová slova v angličtině
Social Constructivism, Cross-cultural Psychology, UN, EU, Japan
Zásady pro vypracování
The MA thesis is worth 30 ECTS: 5 ECTS for the (initial) research and preparation – to be handed in as a "thesis portfolio/outline” (deadline: 1 December, 3rd semester) – and 25 ECTS for the writing process and final product. The MA thesis should be written in proper, academic English, consistently using one variant (e.g., UK, US or Canadian) only. The thesis should count between 20.000 and 30.000 words - including footnotes but excluding the title page, declaration sheet, table of contents abstract, preface, bibliography, and annexes (if applicable). The spacing between the lines should be set at 1,5. Students should mention the number of words on the abstract page of their thesis. In the case of deviation of the prescribed number of words a student should motivate the deviation (explain why less or more words) and next the deviation should be approved by both supervisors AND both directors of studies.
Zásady pro vypracování
The MA thesis is worth 30 ECTS: 5 ECTS for the (initial) research and preparation – to be handed in as a "thesis portfolio/outline” (deadline: 1 December, 3rd semester) – and 25 ECTS for the writing process and final product. The MA thesis should be written in proper, academic English, consistently using one variant (e.g., UK, US or Canadian) only. The thesis should count between 20.000 and 30.000 words - including footnotes but excluding the title page, declaration sheet, table of contents abstract, preface, bibliography, and annexes (if applicable). The spacing between the lines should be set at 1,5. Students should mention the number of words on the abstract page of their thesis. In the case of deviation of the prescribed number of words a student should motivate the deviation (explain why less or more words) and next the deviation should be approved by both supervisors AND both directors of studies.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Charities Aid Foundation. ‘CAF World Giving Index 2022’. Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) Publications, 2022. Checkel, Jeffrey T. ‘The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory’. Edited by Martha Finnemore, Peter Katzenstein, and Audie Klotz. World Politics 50, no. 2 (1998): 324–48. Christiansen, Thomas, Knud Erik Jørgensen, and Antje Wiener. ‘The Social Construction of Europe’, 18 January 2023. Davies, Mathew. ‘ASEAN and Human Rights Norms: Constructivism, Rational Choice, and the Action-Identity Gap’. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 13, no. 2 (2013): 207–31. Gabison, Garry. ‘Understanding Crowdfunding and Its Regulations’. European Commission - European Commission, 29 January 2015. https://doi.org/10.2791/562757. HAYASHIDA, Akiko. ‘[Contributions and Funding to International Organisations : Current Status of Contributions and Funding and Systems for Auditing, Etc.]’. 立法と調査 [Legislation and Research] No 365 (June 2015). Inoguchi, Takashi, and Paul Bacon. ‘The Study of International Relations in Japan: Towards a More International Discipline’. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 1, no. 1 (2001): 1–20. Markus, Hazel R., and Shinobu Kitayama. ‘Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation’. Psychological Review 98 (1991): 224–53. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. ‘Diplomatic Bluebook 2022’. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2022. Nisbett, Richard E. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently ... and Why. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently ... and Why. New York, NY, US: Free Press, 2003. ONISHI, Tamaki. ‘Japanese Fundraising: A Comparative Study of the United States and Japan’. International Journal of Educational Advancement 7, no. 3 (September 2007): 205–25. Prantl, Jochen, and Ryoko Nakano. ‘Global Norm Diffusion in East Asia: How China and Japan Implement the Responsibility to Protect’. International Relations 25, no. 2 (1 June 2011): 204–23. Scataglini, Michele, and Marc J. Ventresca. ‘Funding the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from Donation-Based Crowdfunding Platforms’. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, 1 February 2019. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328731. Secretary-General & Coordination. Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system, A/71/583* § (2016). UNICEF. UNICEF Annual Report 2020, 2021. https://www.unicef.org/reports/unicef-annual-report-2020. United Nations. ‘Digital Financing Taskforce’. United Nations. United Nations, 26 August 2020. ———. ‘Voluntary Funds Administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Financial Report and Audited Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2021’. United Nations General Assembly, 21 July 2022. United Nations - CEB. ‘Revenue by Entity’. Accessed 29 November 2022. https://unsceb.org/fs-revenue-agency. ———. ‘Revenue by Government Donor’. United Nations - CEB. Accessed 1 December 2022. https://unsceb.org/fs-revenue-government-donor. United Nations Development Programme. ‘Audit’. UNDP. Accessed 6 February 2023. https://www.undp.org/accountability/audit/audit. Usui Mayumi. ’ [Strengthening the PDCA cycle for contributions to international organisations]’. Legislation and research, no. 389 (June 2017): 61–74.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Charities Aid Foundation. ‘CAF World Giving Index 2022’. Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) Publications, 2022. Checkel, Jeffrey T. ‘The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory’. Edited by Martha Finnemore, Peter Katzenstein, and Audie Klotz. World Politics 50, no. 2 (1998): 324–48. Christiansen, Thomas, Knud Erik Jørgensen, and Antje Wiener. ‘The Social Construction of Europe’, 18 January 2023. Davies, Mathew. ‘ASEAN and Human Rights Norms: Constructivism, Rational Choice, and the Action-Identity Gap’. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 13, no. 2 (2013): 207–31. Gabison, Garry. ‘Understanding Crowdfunding and Its Regulations’. European Commission - European Commission, 29 January 2015. https://doi.org/10.2791/562757. HAYASHIDA, Akiko. ‘[Contributions and Funding to International Organisations : Current Status of Contributions and Funding and Systems for Auditing, Etc.]’. 立法と調査 [Legislation and Research] No 365 (June 2015). Inoguchi, Takashi, and Paul Bacon. ‘The Study of International Relations in Japan: Towards a More International Discipline’. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 1, no. 1 (2001): 1–20. Markus, Hazel R., and Shinobu Kitayama. ‘Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation’. Psychological Review 98 (1991): 224–53. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. ‘Diplomatic Bluebook 2022’. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2022. Nisbett, Richard E. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently ... and Why. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently ... and Why. New York, NY, US: Free Press, 2003. ONISHI, Tamaki. ‘Japanese Fundraising: A Comparative Study of the United States and Japan’. International Journal of Educational Advancement 7, no. 3 (September 2007): 205–25. Prantl, Jochen, and Ryoko Nakano. ‘Global Norm Diffusion in East Asia: How China and Japan Implement the Responsibility to Protect’. International Relations 25, no. 2 (1 June 2011): 204–23. Scataglini, Michele, and Marc J. Ventresca. ‘Funding the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from Donation-Based Crowdfunding Platforms’. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, 1 February 2019. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328731. Secretary-General & Coordination. Budgetary and financial situation of the organizations of the United Nations system, A/71/583* § (2016). UNICEF. UNICEF Annual Report 2020, 2021. https://www.unicef.org/reports/unicef-annual-report-2020. United Nations. ‘Digital Financing Taskforce’. United Nations. United Nations, 26 August 2020. ———. ‘Voluntary Funds Administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Financial Report and Audited Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2021’. United Nations General Assembly, 21 July 2022. United Nations - CEB. ‘Revenue by Entity’. Accessed 29 November 2022. https://unsceb.org/fs-revenue-agency. ———. ‘Revenue by Government Donor’. United Nations - CEB. Accessed 1 December 2022. https://unsceb.org/fs-revenue-government-donor. United Nations Development Programme. ‘Audit’. UNDP. Accessed 6 February 2023. https://www.undp.org/accountability/audit/audit. Usui Mayumi. ’ [Strengthening the PDCA cycle for contributions to international organisations]’. Legislation and research, no. 389 (June 2017): 61–74.
Přílohy volně vložené
5 appendix documents inside the same file of thesis