Tato práce se zabývá zkoumáním uhlovodíků v karbonátech spodního devonu nacházejícími se v pražské pánvi, přičemž objasňuje geologické a geochemické aspekty, které ovlivňují jejich přítomnost a distribuci. Karbonátové formace spodního devonu jsou významné díky svému potenciálu jako zásobárny uhlovodíků. Studie zdůrazňuje klíčovou roli, kterou stylolity, nepravidelné, vlnité, mineralizované v horninách při migraci ropy. Tyto stylolity mohou potenciálně působit jako nekonvenční potrubí pro ropné tekutiny, ovlivňující pohyb a akumulaci uhlovodíků. Podrobné geologické mapování, shromažďování vzorků hornin a geochemická analýza k doložení jejich tvrzení a nabízí pohledy, které by mohly změnit chápání migrace uhlovodíků a optimalizace nádrží. Tento dokument může sloužit jako cenný zdroj pro geology, ropné inženýry a další průmyslové profesionály, kteří se zajímají o průzkum a produkci uhlovodíků.
Anotace v angličtině
This Thesis delves into the examination of hydrocarbons in the Lower Devonian carbonates located in the Prague Basin, illuminating the geological and geochemical aspects that impact their presence and distribution. The Lower Devonian carbonate formations are significant due to their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs. The study emphasizes the crucial role that stylolites, irregular, wavy mineralized within rocks in petroleum migration. These stylolites can potentially act as unconventional conduits for petroleum fluids, influencing the movement and accumulation of hydrocarbons. The detailed geological mapping, rock sample collection, and geochemical analysis to substantiate their claims, offering insights that could reshape understandings of hydrocarbon migration and reservoir optimization. This paper may serve as a valuable resource for geologists, petroleum engineers, and other industry professionals interested in hydrocarbon exploration and production.
Tato práce se zabývá zkoumáním uhlovodíků v karbonátech spodního devonu nacházejícími se v pražské pánvi, přičemž objasňuje geologické a geochemické aspekty, které ovlivňují jejich přítomnost a distribuci. Karbonátové formace spodního devonu jsou významné díky svému potenciálu jako zásobárny uhlovodíků. Studie zdůrazňuje klíčovou roli, kterou stylolity, nepravidelné, vlnité, mineralizované v horninách při migraci ropy. Tyto stylolity mohou potenciálně působit jako nekonvenční potrubí pro ropné tekutiny, ovlivňující pohyb a akumulaci uhlovodíků. Podrobné geologické mapování, shromažďování vzorků hornin a geochemická analýza k doložení jejich tvrzení a nabízí pohledy, které by mohly změnit chápání migrace uhlovodíků a optimalizace nádrží. Tento dokument může sloužit jako cenný zdroj pro geology, ropné inženýry a další průmyslové profesionály, kteří se zajímají o průzkum a produkci uhlovodíků.
Anotace v angličtině
This Thesis delves into the examination of hydrocarbons in the Lower Devonian carbonates located in the Prague Basin, illuminating the geological and geochemical aspects that impact their presence and distribution. The Lower Devonian carbonate formations are significant due to their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs. The study emphasizes the crucial role that stylolites, irregular, wavy mineralized within rocks in petroleum migration. These stylolites can potentially act as unconventional conduits for petroleum fluids, influencing the movement and accumulation of hydrocarbons. The detailed geological mapping, rock sample collection, and geochemical analysis to substantiate their claims, offering insights that could reshape understandings of hydrocarbon migration and reservoir optimization. This paper may serve as a valuable resource for geologists, petroleum engineers, and other industry professionals interested in hydrocarbon exploration and production.
The Prague Basin (Czech Republic) is a type locality Ordovician to Devonian successions in Europe. The basin has no economic hydrocarbon accumulations, but occurrences of bitumens and petroleum inclusions demonstrate that generation and migration of hydrocarbons occurred within the basin. Previous works suggested the presence of bitumens and petroleum inclusions and their relationship with possible source rocks, the thermal history of the basin and petroleum generation-migration. Hydrocarbon potential was found with the lower Devonian Lochkov Fm., in which bitumens were found hosted in veins, fossil molds or vuggy porosity. Different kinds of bitumens were found, including black, greenish, and orange solid bitumens, semi-liquid and waxy later stage bitumens. The former are remnants of oils that have been thermally altered and influenced by weathering effects; the latter are precipitates that have dropped out of ascending and cooling condensates. The Lochkov Formation is characterized by high U/Th ratios, and higher TOC contents compared to the overlying Praha Formation, both might be related to the hydrocarbons contained in pores and fluid inclusions.
Aims
The aim of this project is to link the bitumen occurrence with stratigraphy and petrology of the host carbonates of the Lochkov Formation, and compare it with the overlying Praha Formation. In particular, concentration of bitumes in pressure-dissolution features – stylolites - of the relatively pure carbonates will be studied with an aim to evaluate stylolites as possible pathways for hydrocarbon migration, in particular:
- Identify stratigraphic zones enriched in hydrocarbons in Lower Devonian rocks of the Prague Basin (Lochkov Formation) using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, and U/Th ratios from gamma-ray spectrometry at selected outcrop sections
- Link the hydrocarbon enriched zones with distribution of stylolites and other macroscopic and microscopic features of carbonate rocks, using thin-section petrographic analysis and fluorescence microscopy
- Identify types and genesis of bitumens using organic-geochemistry tools (gas chromatography, RockEval pyrolysis)
Methods
- Field documentation and gamma-ray spectrometric logging in 2-3 selected outcrops of Lochkov Formation (Barrandova skála, Na Chlumu sections, …), quantification of ostylolite occurrence across stratigraphy
- Sampling for thin sections and core plugs
- Petrographic analysis of the samples using optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and SEM, identification of grain types and other components, diagenetic features, stylolites, identification and quantification of bitumen occurrence in thin sections
- measurement of porosity and permeability in core plugs
- organic geochemistry of rock samples including RockEval pyrolysis, and gas chromatography
The student will present a literature review of:
- geological setting and stratigraphy of the Ordovican to Devonian stratigraphic succession of the Prague Basin
- thermal history of the Prague Basin, organic geochemistry, and hydrocarbon potential of the Prague Basin
- overview of kerogen and bitumen types, geochemical methods of identification of source-rock and migrated hydrocarbons, biomarker analysis in hydrocarbon exploration, RockEval analysis and gas chromatography analysis
Scope of graphic works:
Maps, outcrop section logs, photodocumentation from outcrops, microphotographs from optical, fluorescence microscopy and SEM, porosity and permeability, results of organic geochemistry in graphical form, statistical analysis
Zásady pro vypracování
Principles for subject:
The Prague Basin (Czech Republic) is a type locality Ordovician to Devonian successions in Europe. The basin has no economic hydrocarbon accumulations, but occurrences of bitumens and petroleum inclusions demonstrate that generation and migration of hydrocarbons occurred within the basin. Previous works suggested the presence of bitumens and petroleum inclusions and their relationship with possible source rocks, the thermal history of the basin and petroleum generation-migration. Hydrocarbon potential was found with the lower Devonian Lochkov Fm., in which bitumens were found hosted in veins, fossil molds or vuggy porosity. Different kinds of bitumens were found, including black, greenish, and orange solid bitumens, semi-liquid and waxy later stage bitumens. The former are remnants of oils that have been thermally altered and influenced by weathering effects; the latter are precipitates that have dropped out of ascending and cooling condensates. The Lochkov Formation is characterized by high U/Th ratios, and higher TOC contents compared to the overlying Praha Formation, both might be related to the hydrocarbons contained in pores and fluid inclusions.
Aims
The aim of this project is to link the bitumen occurrence with stratigraphy and petrology of the host carbonates of the Lochkov Formation, and compare it with the overlying Praha Formation. In particular, concentration of bitumes in pressure-dissolution features – stylolites - of the relatively pure carbonates will be studied with an aim to evaluate stylolites as possible pathways for hydrocarbon migration, in particular:
- Identify stratigraphic zones enriched in hydrocarbons in Lower Devonian rocks of the Prague Basin (Lochkov Formation) using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, and U/Th ratios from gamma-ray spectrometry at selected outcrop sections
- Link the hydrocarbon enriched zones with distribution of stylolites and other macroscopic and microscopic features of carbonate rocks, using thin-section petrographic analysis and fluorescence microscopy
- Identify types and genesis of bitumens using organic-geochemistry tools (gas chromatography, RockEval pyrolysis)
Methods
- Field documentation and gamma-ray spectrometric logging in 2-3 selected outcrops of Lochkov Formation (Barrandova skála, Na Chlumu sections, …), quantification of ostylolite occurrence across stratigraphy
- Sampling for thin sections and core plugs
- Petrographic analysis of the samples using optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and SEM, identification of grain types and other components, diagenetic features, stylolites, identification and quantification of bitumen occurrence in thin sections
- measurement of porosity and permeability in core plugs
- organic geochemistry of rock samples including RockEval pyrolysis, and gas chromatography
The student will present a literature review of:
- geological setting and stratigraphy of the Ordovican to Devonian stratigraphic succession of the Prague Basin
- thermal history of the Prague Basin, organic geochemistry, and hydrocarbon potential of the Prague Basin
- overview of kerogen and bitumen types, geochemical methods of identification of source-rock and migrated hydrocarbons, biomarker analysis in hydrocarbon exploration, RockEval analysis and gas chromatography analysis
Scope of graphic works:
Maps, outcrop section logs, photodocumentation from outcrops, microphotographs from optical, fluorescence microscopy and SEM, porosity and permeability, results of organic geochemistry in graphical form, statistical analysis
Seznam doporučené literatury
Suchý, V. et al., 2010. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, 285–297.
Suchý, V. et al., 2002. International Journal of Coal Geology 53, 1–25.
Suchý, V. et al., 2007. Chemické listy 101, 689−696.
Volk, H., 2000. Source Rocks, Bitumens and Petroleum Inclusions from the Prague Basin (Barrandian, Czech Republic) – Constraints for Petroleum Generation and Migration from Petrology, Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling. PhD thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälisch-Technischen-Hochschule Aachen
Volk, H. et al., 2000. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 71, 307-311.
Suchý, V. et al. 2015. International Journal of Coal Geology 140, 41–62.
Volk, H. et al.,2002. Organic Geochemistry 33, 1319–1341
Bábek et al., 2018. Global and Planetary Change 160, 75–95.
Šimíček D. et al., 2020. Sedimentary Geology 402, Article number 105651
Seznam doporučené literatury
Suchý, V. et al., 2010. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, 285–297.
Suchý, V. et al., 2002. International Journal of Coal Geology 53, 1–25.
Suchý, V. et al., 2007. Chemické listy 101, 689−696.
Volk, H., 2000. Source Rocks, Bitumens and Petroleum Inclusions from the Prague Basin (Barrandian, Czech Republic) – Constraints for Petroleum Generation and Migration from Petrology, Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling. PhD thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälisch-Technischen-Hochschule Aachen
Volk, H. et al., 2000. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 71, 307-311.
Suchý, V. et al. 2015. International Journal of Coal Geology 140, 41–62.
Volk, H. et al.,2002. Organic Geochemistry 33, 1319–1341
Bábek et al., 2018. Global and Planetary Change 160, 75–95.
Šimíček D. et al., 2020. Sedimentary Geology 402, Article number 105651
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Záznam průběhu obhajoby
Hydrocarbons in Lower Devonian carbonates of Prague Basin and stylolites as possible pathways for petroleum migration
The student presented his bachelor's thesis in a MS PowerPoint presentation.
The reviews of both supervisor (prof. O. Bábek) and reviewer (D. Šimíček, Ph.D.) were handled
by their authors. The supervisor suggested a grade E and pointed out many typos, problems
in the structure of the thesis and its elaboration. The reviewer pointed out unusually large number
of mistakes and suggested grade F.
In the discussion of the committee members, Dr. J. Ali pointed out wrong use of units in the tables and J. Sedláček, Ph.D.: inquired the reasons for very low values of K. Student did not replied sufficiently to these notes.
In the public discussion, no question arose.
The committee agreed on an overall evaluation – grade E.