Informace o kvalifikační práci The Relationship Between Collective Action and Heterogeneity: Insights from the Analysis of Institutions for Collective Action
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance. The institutions have especially been studied in contexts where people get organise for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. The institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded. However, the topic of how heterogeneity of actors impacts the functioning, capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. This qualitative study is based on a classic literature review of theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socio-cultural and economic heterogeneity in collective action situation, and others measure the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion. Both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysedfrom behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multi-layered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn't been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes by outlining an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situation. Here, integrating the key findings, the study demonstrates how the dynamic conceptualisation of heterogeneity can be operationalised through a longitudinal study with a macro-micro-macro-orientation.
Anotace v angličtině
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance. The institutions have especially been studied in contexts where people get organise for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. The institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded. However, the topic of how heterogeneity of actors impacts the functioning, capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. This qualitative study is based on a classic literature review of theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socio-cultural and economic heterogeneity in collective action situation, and others measure the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion. Both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysedfrom behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multi-layered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn't been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes by outlining an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situation. Here, integrating the key findings, the study demonstrates how the dynamic conceptualisation of heterogeneity can be operationalised through a longitudinal study with a macro-micro-macro-orientation.
Klíčová slova
collective action, diversity, heterogeneity, institutions for collective action
Klíčová slova v angličtině
collective action, diversity, heterogeneity, institutions for collective action
Rozsah průvodní práce
40 p
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance. The institutions have especially been studied in contexts where people get organise for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. The institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded. However, the topic of how heterogeneity of actors impacts the functioning, capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. This qualitative study is based on a classic literature review of theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socio-cultural and economic heterogeneity in collective action situation, and others measure the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion. Both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysedfrom behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multi-layered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn't been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes by outlining an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situation. Here, integrating the key findings, the study demonstrates how the dynamic conceptualisation of heterogeneity can be operationalised through a longitudinal study with a macro-micro-macro-orientation.
Anotace v angličtině
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance. The institutions have especially been studied in contexts where people get organise for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. The institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded. However, the topic of how heterogeneity of actors impacts the functioning, capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. This qualitative study is based on a classic literature review of theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socio-cultural and economic heterogeneity in collective action situation, and others measure the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion. Both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysedfrom behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multi-layered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn't been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes by outlining an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situation. Here, integrating the key findings, the study demonstrates how the dynamic conceptualisation of heterogeneity can be operationalised through a longitudinal study with a macro-micro-macro-orientation.
Klíčová slova
collective action, diversity, heterogeneity, institutions for collective action
Klíčová slova v angličtině
collective action, diversity, heterogeneity, institutions for collective action
Zásady pro vypracování
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. While the institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded, the discourse surrounding the impact of heterogeneity of actors on the capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. The qualitative study was guided by a classic literature review of the theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socioeconomic heterogeneity in collective action situations, and others have measured the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion, both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysed—from behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multilayered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn’t been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes with an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situations with a longitudinal macro-micro-macro-orientation, and an intersectional conceptualization of heterogeneity.
Zásady pro vypracování
Globally, institutions for collective action (ICAs) have been instrumental in promoting participatory and community-based self-governance for addressing a common governance issue. Cooperative behaviour among human beings, and the role of institutions and norms in influencing them has also been a key concept of scholarly inquiry within social sciences. While the institutional design, and polity of self-governance within ICAs have been well recorded, the discourse surrounding the impact of heterogeneity of actors on the capacity, effectiveness, and resilience of the institutions is highly contested, and understudied. The qualitative study was guided by a classic literature review of the theoretical and empirical literature on collective action in different contexts. The study finds that few studies have explicitly looked at the role of socioeconomic heterogeneity in collective action situations, and others have measured the impacts through proxies like trust and social cohesion, both strands of studies show mixed results. The analysis of the study differentiates between situations where the heterogeneity is analysed with respect to the internal functioning of the group, and in conditions where the larger context within which the group is situated in is also taken into consideration. The analysis is substantiated within similar research in other context, where group-based collective action is analysed—from behaviour psychology, organisation behaviour studies, etc. The study confirms that there might have been some oversight in the conceptualization and measurement of the interaction of heterogeneity for two reasons. First, while heterogeneity is complex, dynamic, and multilayered, the theoretical conceptualization is rather simplistic. Second, impacts and interplays of heterogeneity might be visible over a longer period, which hasn’t been the focus of studies on collective action. The study concludes with an agenda for future research (with the case of Nepal) on heterogeneity in collective action situations with a longitudinal macro-micro-macro-orientation, and an intersectional conceptualization of heterogeneity.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Agrawal, Arun, and Clark C Gibson. 1999. ‘Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation’. World Development 27 (4): 629–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2.
Aksoy, Ozan. 2019. ‘Crosscutting Circles in a Social Dilemma: Effects of Social Identity and Inequality on Cooperation’. Social Science Research 82 (August): 148–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.009.
Crawford, Sue E. S., and Elinor Ostrom. 1995. ‘A Grammar of Institutions’. American Political Science Review 89 (3): 582–600. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082975.
De Moor, Tine. 2021. ‘Three Waves of Cooperation: A Millennium of Institutions for Collective Action in Historical Perspective (Case Study: The Netherlands)’. In The Oxford Handbook of Institutions of International Economic Governance and Market Regulation, by Tine De Moor, edited by Eric Brousseau, Jean-Michel Glachant, and Jérôme Sgard. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900571.013.8.
De Moor, Tine, Miguel Laborda-Pemán, José Miguel Lana-Berasain, René Van Weeren, and Angus Winchester. 2016. ‘Ruling the Commons. Introducing a New Methodology for the Analysis of Historical Commons’. International Journal of the Commons 10 (2): 529. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.760.
Kashwan, Prakash. 2016. ‘Integrating Power in Institutional Analysis: A Micro-Foundation Perspective’. Journal of Theoretical Politics 28 (1): 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629815586877.
Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. The Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ruttan, Lore M. 2008. ‘Economic Heterogeneity and the Commons: Effects on Collective Action and Collective Goods Provisioning’. World Development 36 (5): 969–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.005.
Ruttan, Lore M. 2006. ‘Sociocultural Heterogeneity and the Commons’. Current Anthropology 47 (5): 843–53. https://doi.org/10.1086/507185.
Van Klingeren, F, and ND De Graaf. 2021. ‘Heterogeneity, trust and common-pool resource management’. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11 (November): 37–64.
Varughese, George, and Elinor Ostrom. 2001. ‘The Contested Role of Heterogeneity in Collective Action: Some Evidence from Community Forestry in Nepal’. World Development 29 (5): 747–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00012-2.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Agrawal, Arun, and Clark C Gibson. 1999. ‘Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation’. World Development 27 (4): 629–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2.
Aksoy, Ozan. 2019. ‘Crosscutting Circles in a Social Dilemma: Effects of Social Identity and Inequality on Cooperation’. Social Science Research 82 (August): 148–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.009.
Crawford, Sue E. S., and Elinor Ostrom. 1995. ‘A Grammar of Institutions’. American Political Science Review 89 (3): 582–600. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082975.
De Moor, Tine. 2021. ‘Three Waves of Cooperation: A Millennium of Institutions for Collective Action in Historical Perspective (Case Study: The Netherlands)’. In The Oxford Handbook of Institutions of International Economic Governance and Market Regulation, by Tine De Moor, edited by Eric Brousseau, Jean-Michel Glachant, and Jérôme Sgard. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900571.013.8.
De Moor, Tine, Miguel Laborda-Pemán, José Miguel Lana-Berasain, René Van Weeren, and Angus Winchester. 2016. ‘Ruling the Commons. Introducing a New Methodology for the Analysis of Historical Commons’. International Journal of the Commons 10 (2): 529. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.760.
Kashwan, Prakash. 2016. ‘Integrating Power in Institutional Analysis: A Micro-Foundation Perspective’. Journal of Theoretical Politics 28 (1): 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629815586877.
Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. The Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ruttan, Lore M. 2008. ‘Economic Heterogeneity and the Commons: Effects on Collective Action and Collective Goods Provisioning’. World Development 36 (5): 969–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.005.
Ruttan, Lore M. 2006. ‘Sociocultural Heterogeneity and the Commons’. Current Anthropology 47 (5): 843–53. https://doi.org/10.1086/507185.
Van Klingeren, F, and ND De Graaf. 2021. ‘Heterogeneity, trust and common-pool resource management’. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11 (November): 37–64.
Varughese, George, and Elinor Ostrom. 2001. ‘The Contested Role of Heterogeneity in Collective Action: Some Evidence from Community Forestry in Nepal’. World Development 29 (5): 747–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00012-2.
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Záznam průběhu obhajoby
Shreya Paudel presents her thesis titled “The relationship between collective action and heterogeneity”. She starts off by presenting the context of her study, her research questions and the methodology. She goes on to give an overview of the theoretical frameworks used in the study. The student then presents the context and limits to institutional mediation and concludes by discussing her research. The student’s supervisor Lenka Duskova reads out her review to the committee and a second reviewer’s review of the study is presented to the committee. The third reviewer - George Varughese presents his review of the study via online video conferencing. The student then responds to the reviewers’ comments. The thesis defense ends off with a Q&A discussion with the committee.