Informace o kvalifikační práci "Emerging 'Externalisation' Dimension of the EU Migration Policy and its Reflection on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Analysis from the Perspective of Civil Society Organisations"
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Hlavní téma
"Emerging 'Externalisation' Dimension of the EU Migration Policy and its Reflection on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Turkey as a Case Study"
Hlavní téma v angličtině
"Emerging 'Externalisation' Dimension of the EU Migration Policy and its Reflection on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Turkey as a Case Study"
Název dle studenta
"Emerging 'Externalisation' Dimension of the EU Migration Policy and its Reflection on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Analysis from the Perspective of Civil Society Organisations"
Název dle studenta v angličtině
"Emerging 'Externalisation' Dimension of the EU Migration Policy and its Reflection on the New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Analysis from the Perspective of Civil Society Organisations"
The EU migration management policy is a complex topic with many aspects that must be taken into account, such as the safety of those seeking protection or a better life as well as the issues facing the EU Member States which are on the front lines and fear that the pressure of illegal migration will put a strain on their capacity and need support from other Member States. The rest of the Member States, on the other hand, are worried about the security of the external borders and realise that their own national asylum, integration, and return systems will not be able to handle the scenario of a major influx if necessary steps are not put in place. That's why the European Commission announced the New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a fresh start to address those challenges more effectively.
The New Pact has been discussed by many migration stakeholders including the civil society organisations operating at the European level. Many of the CSOs published their proposals in regards to the New Pact which discussed its different components including the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy. Considering that, the research aims to explore the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact from the perspective of the European-level civil society organisations. Therefore, the research question is the following: how do the European-level CSOs working in the field of migration and asylum evaluate the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum?
Precisely, the thesis explores the evaluation of the externalisation and its patterns of development in the New Pact. This helps the research to understand the origins of the externalisation phenomenon in the EU migration management framework and analyse it relying on the proposals of the civil society organisations that critically frame and assess the New Pact.
The research is exploratory built on interpretivism. The thesis relies on a qualitative research method to satisfy the research problem and question. Although the outcomes of this method are not measurable, the advantage of using it offers a full analysis of a research subject without imposing limits to the scope of the research. Implementation of the "failing forward" and path dependence theory frameworks contributes to the facilitation of the analysis.
Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of migration and migration related strategies, the present research faces challenges when it comes to backing up the arguments academically concerning the New Pact. However, the thesis adds to the discussion on the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration management by compiling the existing knowledge and literature to create a better picture of the current situation and developments, instead of focusing on a single aspect of the process like orchestration or securitisation. Besides, the research aim and research question are relevant since the externalisation of migration management is becoming a normal instrument for the European Union despite the critical consequences for migrants' human rights and safety.
Anotace v angličtině
The EU migration management policy is a complex topic with many aspects that must be taken into account, such as the safety of those seeking protection or a better life as well as the issues facing the EU Member States which are on the front lines and fear that the pressure of illegal migration will put a strain on their capacity and need support from other Member States. The rest of the Member States, on the other hand, are worried about the security of the external borders and realise that their own national asylum, integration, and return systems will not be able to handle the scenario of a major influx if necessary steps are not put in place. That's why the European Commission announced the New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a fresh start to address those challenges more effectively.
The New Pact has been discussed by many migration stakeholders including the civil society organisations operating at the European level. Many of the CSOs published their proposals in regards to the New Pact which discussed its different components including the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy. Considering that, the research aims to explore the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact from the perspective of the European-level civil society organisations. Therefore, the research question is the following: how do the European-level CSOs working in the field of migration and asylum evaluate the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum?
Precisely, the thesis explores the evaluation of the externalisation and its patterns of development in the New Pact. This helps the research to understand the origins of the externalisation phenomenon in the EU migration management framework and analyse it relying on the proposals of the civil society organisations that critically frame and assess the New Pact.
The research is exploratory built on interpretivism. The thesis relies on a qualitative research method to satisfy the research problem and question. Although the outcomes of this method are not measurable, the advantage of using it offers a full analysis of a research subject without imposing limits to the scope of the research. Implementation of the "failing forward" and path dependence theory frameworks contributes to the facilitation of the analysis.
Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of migration and migration related strategies, the present research faces challenges when it comes to backing up the arguments academically concerning the New Pact. However, the thesis adds to the discussion on the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration management by compiling the existing knowledge and literature to create a better picture of the current situation and developments, instead of focusing on a single aspect of the process like orchestration or securitisation. Besides, the research aim and research question are relevant since the externalisation of migration management is becoming a normal instrument for the European Union despite the critical consequences for migrants' human rights and safety.
Klíčová slova
New Pact on Migration and Asylum, civil society organisations, European Union migration policy, externalisation policy, illegal border crossings, migration management, path dependence, 'safe third country' rule, tailor-made partnerships
Klíčová slova v angličtině
New Pact on Migration and Asylum, civil society organisations, European Union migration policy, externalisation policy, illegal border crossings, migration management, path dependence, 'safe third country' rule, tailor-made partnerships
Rozsah průvodní práce
v p. 75 p. (24203 words)
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
The EU migration management policy is a complex topic with many aspects that must be taken into account, such as the safety of those seeking protection or a better life as well as the issues facing the EU Member States which are on the front lines and fear that the pressure of illegal migration will put a strain on their capacity and need support from other Member States. The rest of the Member States, on the other hand, are worried about the security of the external borders and realise that their own national asylum, integration, and return systems will not be able to handle the scenario of a major influx if necessary steps are not put in place. That's why the European Commission announced the New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a fresh start to address those challenges more effectively.
The New Pact has been discussed by many migration stakeholders including the civil society organisations operating at the European level. Many of the CSOs published their proposals in regards to the New Pact which discussed its different components including the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy. Considering that, the research aims to explore the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact from the perspective of the European-level civil society organisations. Therefore, the research question is the following: how do the European-level CSOs working in the field of migration and asylum evaluate the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum?
Precisely, the thesis explores the evaluation of the externalisation and its patterns of development in the New Pact. This helps the research to understand the origins of the externalisation phenomenon in the EU migration management framework and analyse it relying on the proposals of the civil society organisations that critically frame and assess the New Pact.
The research is exploratory built on interpretivism. The thesis relies on a qualitative research method to satisfy the research problem and question. Although the outcomes of this method are not measurable, the advantage of using it offers a full analysis of a research subject without imposing limits to the scope of the research. Implementation of the "failing forward" and path dependence theory frameworks contributes to the facilitation of the analysis.
Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of migration and migration related strategies, the present research faces challenges when it comes to backing up the arguments academically concerning the New Pact. However, the thesis adds to the discussion on the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration management by compiling the existing knowledge and literature to create a better picture of the current situation and developments, instead of focusing on a single aspect of the process like orchestration or securitisation. Besides, the research aim and research question are relevant since the externalisation of migration management is becoming a normal instrument for the European Union despite the critical consequences for migrants' human rights and safety.
Anotace v angličtině
The EU migration management policy is a complex topic with many aspects that must be taken into account, such as the safety of those seeking protection or a better life as well as the issues facing the EU Member States which are on the front lines and fear that the pressure of illegal migration will put a strain on their capacity and need support from other Member States. The rest of the Member States, on the other hand, are worried about the security of the external borders and realise that their own national asylum, integration, and return systems will not be able to handle the scenario of a major influx if necessary steps are not put in place. That's why the European Commission announced the New Pact on Migration and Asylum as a fresh start to address those challenges more effectively.
The New Pact has been discussed by many migration stakeholders including the civil society organisations operating at the European level. Many of the CSOs published their proposals in regards to the New Pact which discussed its different components including the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy. Considering that, the research aims to explore the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact from the perspective of the European-level civil society organisations. Therefore, the research question is the following: how do the European-level CSOs working in the field of migration and asylum evaluate the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration policy in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum?
Precisely, the thesis explores the evaluation of the externalisation and its patterns of development in the New Pact. This helps the research to understand the origins of the externalisation phenomenon in the EU migration management framework and analyse it relying on the proposals of the civil society organisations that critically frame and assess the New Pact.
The research is exploratory built on interpretivism. The thesis relies on a qualitative research method to satisfy the research problem and question. Although the outcomes of this method are not measurable, the advantage of using it offers a full analysis of a research subject without imposing limits to the scope of the research. Implementation of the "failing forward" and path dependence theory frameworks contributes to the facilitation of the analysis.
Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of migration and migration related strategies, the present research faces challenges when it comes to backing up the arguments academically concerning the New Pact. However, the thesis adds to the discussion on the externalisation dimension of the European Union migration management by compiling the existing knowledge and literature to create a better picture of the current situation and developments, instead of focusing on a single aspect of the process like orchestration or securitisation. Besides, the research aim and research question are relevant since the externalisation of migration management is becoming a normal instrument for the European Union despite the critical consequences for migrants' human rights and safety.
Klíčová slova
New Pact on Migration and Asylum, civil society organisations, European Union migration policy, externalisation policy, illegal border crossings, migration management, path dependence, 'safe third country' rule, tailor-made partnerships
Klíčová slova v angličtině
New Pact on Migration and Asylum, civil society organisations, European Union migration policy, externalisation policy, illegal border crossings, migration management, path dependence, 'safe third country' rule, tailor-made partnerships
Zásady pro vypracování
Introduction
The milestone for the development of externalisation dimension of the EU Migration Policy was established in Tampere Summit (1999) which discussed the necessity for the European Union to adopt a common policy on issues that are distinct yet related to asylum and immigration. The Conclusions of the Presidency also emphasized the need for close cooperation with the countries of origin and transit. One of the main reasons for such a discourse was the establishment of Schengen zone in 1995 that allows free movement of people and goods abolishing internal borders. To provide stable functioning of the common area, the EU needed to strengthen its external borders and cooperate with the migrants’ countries of origin as well as transit ones.
The research focuses on a single case study (Turkey) and explores how the EU cooperated with Turkey and established its Externalization mechanisms. Given its geographical location, Turkey plays the role of a transit country for illegal migrants and asylum seekers between Europe and the Middle East.
Research Questions and Problem Statement
The central discussion of the research explores the emergence of the externalization dimension of the EU migration and asylum policy. Precisely, the research covers the EU’s securitisation of asylum as an important mechanism of defence in the wake of direct border threats following the high number of refugees and asylum seekers. Consequently, the research problem is to analyse the developments that lead to the politicisation of the refugee and asylum issues as an existential threat to the Union instead of evaluating them as a moral obligation.
The evaluation of the EU-Turkey relations in the field of migration and asylum, particularly, the EU-Turkey refugee agreement, is within the scope of the research problem. Another main research question is to examine the further development of the externalisation dimension in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Since the externalisation policy dramatically increases the refugees and migrants’ vulnerability, the research also assesses the future developments of such policy courses by the EU.
Thesis Structure
Chapter 1 provides an introduction and background of the topic as well as its scope and scholarly significance to academia. This chapter also incorporates a literature review section. The research design and methodology are assessed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 reviews the emergence of the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy and discusses its developments examining the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Then, it focuses on the EU-Turkey relations as a case study to analyse the EU’s externalisation instruments through the cooperation with third countries (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 is the conclusion part that gives the overall assessment of the externalisation dimension of the EU migration and asylum policy as well as provides a set of discussions for further research.
Zásady pro vypracování
Introduction
The milestone for the development of externalisation dimension of the EU Migration Policy was established in Tampere Summit (1999) which discussed the necessity for the European Union to adopt a common policy on issues that are distinct yet related to asylum and immigration. The Conclusions of the Presidency also emphasized the need for close cooperation with the countries of origin and transit. One of the main reasons for such a discourse was the establishment of Schengen zone in 1995 that allows free movement of people and goods abolishing internal borders. To provide stable functioning of the common area, the EU needed to strengthen its external borders and cooperate with the migrants’ countries of origin as well as transit ones.
The research focuses on a single case study (Turkey) and explores how the EU cooperated with Turkey and established its Externalization mechanisms. Given its geographical location, Turkey plays the role of a transit country for illegal migrants and asylum seekers between Europe and the Middle East.
Research Questions and Problem Statement
The central discussion of the research explores the emergence of the externalization dimension of the EU migration and asylum policy. Precisely, the research covers the EU’s securitisation of asylum as an important mechanism of defence in the wake of direct border threats following the high number of refugees and asylum seekers. Consequently, the research problem is to analyse the developments that lead to the politicisation of the refugee and asylum issues as an existential threat to the Union instead of evaluating them as a moral obligation.
The evaluation of the EU-Turkey relations in the field of migration and asylum, particularly, the EU-Turkey refugee agreement, is within the scope of the research problem. Another main research question is to examine the further development of the externalisation dimension in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Since the externalisation policy dramatically increases the refugees and migrants’ vulnerability, the research also assesses the future developments of such policy courses by the EU.
Thesis Structure
Chapter 1 provides an introduction and background of the topic as well as its scope and scholarly significance to academia. This chapter also incorporates a literature review section. The research design and methodology are assessed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 reviews the emergence of the externalisation dimension of the EU migration policy and discusses its developments examining the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Then, it focuses on the EU-Turkey relations as a case study to analyse the EU’s externalisation instruments through the cooperation with third countries (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 is the conclusion part that gives the overall assessment of the externalisation dimension of the EU migration and asylum policy as well as provides a set of discussions for further research.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Boswell, C. "The External Dimension of the EU’s Immigration and Asylum Policy.” International Affairs 79, no. 3 (2003): 619-38.
Collectt, Elizabeth and Camille Le Coz. After the Storm: Learning from the EUresponse to the migration crisis. Brussels: Migration Policy Institute Europe 2018.
Doukoure, O. and Oger, E. "The EC External Migration Policy: The Case of the MENA countries.” 2007. CARIM Research Reports 2007/06.
European Commission. "EU-Turkey joint action plan.” 2015. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/1QLn5m0.
European Commission. "A New Pact on Migration and Asylum.” 2020. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:85ff8b4f-ff13-11ea-b44f01aa75ed71a1.0002.02/DOC_3&format=PDF.
Frelick, B., Kysel, I. M., and Podkul, J. "The Impact of Externalization of Migration Controls on the Rights of Asylum Seekers and Other.” Journal of Migration and Human Security 4, no. 4 (2016): 190–220.
Gammeltoft-Hansen, T. " The Externalisation Of European Migration Control And The Reach Of International Refugee Law". In The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff, 2011) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004212039.i-485.71
Greenhill, Kelly M. Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016.
Jünemann Annette, Nicolas Fromm, and Nikolas Scherer. Fortress Europe?: Challenges and Failures of Migration and Asylum Policies. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2017.
Lavenex, Sandra. "‘Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System.” Journal of Common Market Studies 56, no. 5 (2018): 1195–1212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12739.
Lavenex, S. and Uçarer, E. "The external dimension of Europeanization: The Case of Immigration Policies.” Cooperation and Conflict 39, no. 4 (2004): 417–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836704047582.
Lax, Moreno Violeta. Accessing Asylum in Europe: Extraterritorial Border Controls and Refugee Rights under EU Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Ozçürümez, S., and Şenses, N. "Europeanization and Turkey: Studying Irregular Migration Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 13, no. 2 (2011): 233–248. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2011.578867.
Rumelili, B. "Constructing Identity and Relating to Difference: Understanding the EU’s Mode of Differentiation.” Review of International Studies 30, no. 1 (2004): 27–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504005819.
Scazzieri, Luigi and John Springford. "How the EU and third countries can manage migration?” Centre for European Reform. November, 2017.
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. "Governance by Conditionality: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4 (2004): 661–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176042000248089.
Zaiotti, Ruben. Externalizing Migration Management: Europe, North America and the Spread of 'Remote Control' Practices. Routledge, 2018.
Zapata-Barrero, Ricard. "The External Dimension of Migration Policy in the Mediterranean Region: Premises for Normative Debate.” Revista Del Instituto Espa\ nol De Estudios Estratégicos 2 (2013).
Seznam doporučené literatury
Boswell, C. "The External Dimension of the EU’s Immigration and Asylum Policy.” International Affairs 79, no. 3 (2003): 619-38.
Collectt, Elizabeth and Camille Le Coz. After the Storm: Learning from the EUresponse to the migration crisis. Brussels: Migration Policy Institute Europe 2018.
Doukoure, O. and Oger, E. "The EC External Migration Policy: The Case of the MENA countries.” 2007. CARIM Research Reports 2007/06.
European Commission. "EU-Turkey joint action plan.” 2015. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/1QLn5m0.
European Commission. "A New Pact on Migration and Asylum.” 2020. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:85ff8b4f-ff13-11ea-b44f01aa75ed71a1.0002.02/DOC_3&format=PDF.
Frelick, B., Kysel, I. M., and Podkul, J. "The Impact of Externalization of Migration Controls on the Rights of Asylum Seekers and Other.” Journal of Migration and Human Security 4, no. 4 (2016): 190–220.
Gammeltoft-Hansen, T. " The Externalisation Of European Migration Control And The Reach Of International Refugee Law". In The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff, 2011) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004212039.i-485.71
Greenhill, Kelly M. Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016.
Jünemann Annette, Nicolas Fromm, and Nikolas Scherer. Fortress Europe?: Challenges and Failures of Migration and Asylum Policies. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2017.
Lavenex, Sandra. "‘Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System.” Journal of Common Market Studies 56, no. 5 (2018): 1195–1212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12739.
Lavenex, S. and Uçarer, E. "The external dimension of Europeanization: The Case of Immigration Policies.” Cooperation and Conflict 39, no. 4 (2004): 417–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836704047582.
Lax, Moreno Violeta. Accessing Asylum in Europe: Extraterritorial Border Controls and Refugee Rights under EU Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Ozçürümez, S., and Şenses, N. "Europeanization and Turkey: Studying Irregular Migration Policy.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 13, no. 2 (2011): 233–248. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2011.578867.
Rumelili, B. "Constructing Identity and Relating to Difference: Understanding the EU’s Mode of Differentiation.” Review of International Studies 30, no. 1 (2004): 27–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504005819.
Scazzieri, Luigi and John Springford. "How the EU and third countries can manage migration?” Centre for European Reform. November, 2017.
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. "Governance by Conditionality: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4 (2004): 661–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176042000248089.
Zaiotti, Ruben. Externalizing Migration Management: Europe, North America and the Spread of 'Remote Control' Practices. Routledge, 2018.
Zapata-Barrero, Ricard. "The External Dimension of Migration Policy in the Mediterranean Region: Premises for Normative Debate.” Revista Del Instituto Espa\ nol De Estudios Estratégicos 2 (2013).