Throughout history, Central American countries had adopted many policies which incentivize economic growth, export diversification being one of them. Countries' policies should move from producing agricultural products to more specialized and added-value products. In this context, gender inequality appears supported by SDGs remarking an existing gap between women and men that should not be increasing anymore.
The present study explores the relationship between gender inequality and export diversification for countries part of the Central American Common Market using the Global Gender Gap Index from the World Economic Forum and the Theil Index from own calculation as measurement. To explore this relationship two analyses were performed: On the one hand descriptive, to provide accurate context and knowledge of the current situation in the countries on export diversification and gender inequality, on the other hand, an econometric analysis where non-linear relationship and bidirectionality were tested through Random Effects, Fixed effects, TOBIT model, and Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model with Random Effects from 2006 to 2019. The results suggest that there is a positive statistically significant non-linear relationship between export diversification and gender inequality. The study provided evidence that relationships among countries can be different so deeper focused studies are relevant.
Annotation in English
Throughout history, Central American countries had adopted many policies which incentivize economic growth, export diversification being one of them. Countries' policies should move from producing agricultural products to more specialized and added-value products. In this context, gender inequality appears supported by SDGs remarking an existing gap between women and men that should not be increasing anymore.
The present study explores the relationship between gender inequality and export diversification for countries part of the Central American Common Market using the Global Gender Gap Index from the World Economic Forum and the Theil Index from own calculation as measurement. To explore this relationship two analyses were performed: On the one hand descriptive, to provide accurate context and knowledge of the current situation in the countries on export diversification and gender inequality, on the other hand, an econometric analysis where non-linear relationship and bidirectionality were tested through Random Effects, Fixed effects, TOBIT model, and Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model with Random Effects from 2006 to 2019. The results suggest that there is a positive statistically significant non-linear relationship between export diversification and gender inequality. The study provided evidence that relationships among countries can be different so deeper focused studies are relevant.
Keywords
trade; gender inequality; export diversification; development
Keywords in English
trade; gender inequality; export diversification; development
Length of the covering note
-
Language
AN
Annotation
Throughout history, Central American countries had adopted many policies which incentivize economic growth, export diversification being one of them. Countries' policies should move from producing agricultural products to more specialized and added-value products. In this context, gender inequality appears supported by SDGs remarking an existing gap between women and men that should not be increasing anymore.
The present study explores the relationship between gender inequality and export diversification for countries part of the Central American Common Market using the Global Gender Gap Index from the World Economic Forum and the Theil Index from own calculation as measurement. To explore this relationship two analyses were performed: On the one hand descriptive, to provide accurate context and knowledge of the current situation in the countries on export diversification and gender inequality, on the other hand, an econometric analysis where non-linear relationship and bidirectionality were tested through Random Effects, Fixed effects, TOBIT model, and Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model with Random Effects from 2006 to 2019. The results suggest that there is a positive statistically significant non-linear relationship between export diversification and gender inequality. The study provided evidence that relationships among countries can be different so deeper focused studies are relevant.
Annotation in English
Throughout history, Central American countries had adopted many policies which incentivize economic growth, export diversification being one of them. Countries' policies should move from producing agricultural products to more specialized and added-value products. In this context, gender inequality appears supported by SDGs remarking an existing gap between women and men that should not be increasing anymore.
The present study explores the relationship between gender inequality and export diversification for countries part of the Central American Common Market using the Global Gender Gap Index from the World Economic Forum and the Theil Index from own calculation as measurement. To explore this relationship two analyses were performed: On the one hand descriptive, to provide accurate context and knowledge of the current situation in the countries on export diversification and gender inequality, on the other hand, an econometric analysis where non-linear relationship and bidirectionality were tested through Random Effects, Fixed effects, TOBIT model, and Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model with Random Effects from 2006 to 2019. The results suggest that there is a positive statistically significant non-linear relationship between export diversification and gender inequality. The study provided evidence that relationships among countries can be different so deeper focused studies are relevant.
Keywords
trade; gender inequality; export diversification; development
Keywords in English
trade; gender inequality; export diversification; development
Research Plan
The research aims to study the relationship between gender gaps and export diversification in a developing economy. Additionally, it attempts to provide a focused approach by analyzing the relationship by good/service classification and by sector of the economy. The results of the research are expected to give a novel analysis framework that has not been explored so much in the mainstream trade literature but that could have important policy implications.
Historically, most developing countries have specialized in commodities and primary products leading them to be vulnerable to decreases in commodity prices and, as theory suggests, their lack of diversification is associated with lower economic growth and higher volatility. On the other hand, is has been addressed that the gap between women and men employment opportunities become more equal in time. However, there is little empirical evidence that provided a deeper understanding of how export dynamism and has impacted gender equality. The present analysis will combine an economic and gender-based analysis to understand how trade policies can affect gender equality in terms of employment and its implication in economic growth.
Research Plan
The research aims to study the relationship between gender gaps and export diversification in a developing economy. Additionally, it attempts to provide a focused approach by analyzing the relationship by good/service classification and by sector of the economy. The results of the research are expected to give a novel analysis framework that has not been explored so much in the mainstream trade literature but that could have important policy implications.
Historically, most developing countries have specialized in commodities and primary products leading them to be vulnerable to decreases in commodity prices and, as theory suggests, their lack of diversification is associated with lower economic growth and higher volatility. On the other hand, is has been addressed that the gap between women and men employment opportunities become more equal in time. However, there is little empirical evidence that provided a deeper understanding of how export dynamism and has impacted gender equality. The present analysis will combine an economic and gender-based analysis to understand how trade policies can affect gender equality in terms of employment and its implication in economic growth.
Recommended resources
*Ghosh, S. (2021). How trade diversification and economic growth affect gender inequality in female labour market participation? The case of India. Journal of Economics and Development.
*Jayachandran, S. (2015). The Roots of Gender Inequality in Developing. Annual Review of Economics, 63-88.
*Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). Trade and Gender: A Framework of Analysis. OECD publishing.
*Quy-Toan, D., A., L. A., & Claudio, R. (2015). Comparative advantage, international trade, and fertility. Journal of Development Economics, 48-66.
*World Trade Organization. (2020). Woman and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and the World Trade Organization.
Recommended resources
*Ghosh, S. (2021). How trade diversification and economic growth affect gender inequality in female labour market participation? The case of India. Journal of Economics and Development.
*Jayachandran, S. (2015). The Roots of Gender Inequality in Developing. Annual Review of Economics, 63-88.
*Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). Trade and Gender: A Framework of Analysis. OECD publishing.
*Quy-Toan, D., A., L. A., & Claudio, R. (2015). Comparative advantage, international trade, and fertility. Journal of Development Economics, 48-66.
*World Trade Organization. (2020). Woman and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and the World Trade Organization.
Týká se praxe
No
Enclosed appendices
-
Appendices bound in thesis
-
Taken from the library
Yes
Full text of the thesis
Appendices
Reviewer's report
Supervisor's report
Defence procedure record
The student Castaňeda presented the results of the diploma thesis “Unfolding an unexplored relationship: Gender inequality and export diversification -Case of Central American countries-.” The student began by contextualizing her work and continued by presenting graphical figures to explain the importance of the topic. Ms Castaňeda's presentation consisted mostly of the methodology which was solid and discussed broadly. The results were clearly explained. The committee did not identify serious mistakes or misinterpretations in the work. Ms Castaňeda commented on all of the questions with highly educated insight.
