In 2018, around 5.3 million children under the age of five died due to preventable causes, with majority of deaths taking place in developing countries. Timely and adequate access to basic healthcares services could have a substantial impact in child's survival. Healthcare access among children is a fundamental basic opportunity which is detrimental for achieving good child health status.
The objective of the study is to analyze the coverage, level of inequality and main drivers contributing to the inequality of access to basic healthcare among children in Bangladesh. The study computes Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for a composite indicator of access to healthcare for children comprising birth taking place at health facility, skilled birth attendance, receiving vaccination and postnatal care. Using shapley decomposition method, the study further analyzes the marginal contributions of circumstances of a child towards the inequality.
Findings from the study indicate that mother's education, wealth index, location and number of the children in the household are strongly associated with access to basic healthcare. Decomposition results further highlights that inequality arising in coverage of basic healthcare services in Bangladesh is largely explained by, first wealth of the household then mother's education and geographic location. The index entails new public policy implications for early on targeted interventions which could help in ensuring that a child receives early on healthcare which are imperative for their future growth.
Anotace v angličtině
In 2018, around 5.3 million children under the age of five died due to preventable causes, with majority of deaths taking place in developing countries. Timely and adequate access to basic healthcares services could have a substantial impact in child's survival. Healthcare access among children is a fundamental basic opportunity which is detrimental for achieving good child health status.
The objective of the study is to analyze the coverage, level of inequality and main drivers contributing to the inequality of access to basic healthcare among children in Bangladesh. The study computes Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for a composite indicator of access to healthcare for children comprising birth taking place at health facility, skilled birth attendance, receiving vaccination and postnatal care. Using shapley decomposition method, the study further analyzes the marginal contributions of circumstances of a child towards the inequality.
Findings from the study indicate that mother's education, wealth index, location and number of the children in the household are strongly associated with access to basic healthcare. Decomposition results further highlights that inequality arising in coverage of basic healthcare services in Bangladesh is largely explained by, first wealth of the household then mother's education and geographic location. The index entails new public policy implications for early on targeted interventions which could help in ensuring that a child receives early on healthcare which are imperative for their future growth.
Klíčová slova
Inequality, healthcare access, circumstances, Human Opportunity Index
Klíčová slova v angličtině
Inequality, healthcare access, circumstances, Human Opportunity Index
Rozsah průvodní práce
39
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
In 2018, around 5.3 million children under the age of five died due to preventable causes, with majority of deaths taking place in developing countries. Timely and adequate access to basic healthcares services could have a substantial impact in child's survival. Healthcare access among children is a fundamental basic opportunity which is detrimental for achieving good child health status.
The objective of the study is to analyze the coverage, level of inequality and main drivers contributing to the inequality of access to basic healthcare among children in Bangladesh. The study computes Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for a composite indicator of access to healthcare for children comprising birth taking place at health facility, skilled birth attendance, receiving vaccination and postnatal care. Using shapley decomposition method, the study further analyzes the marginal contributions of circumstances of a child towards the inequality.
Findings from the study indicate that mother's education, wealth index, location and number of the children in the household are strongly associated with access to basic healthcare. Decomposition results further highlights that inequality arising in coverage of basic healthcare services in Bangladesh is largely explained by, first wealth of the household then mother's education and geographic location. The index entails new public policy implications for early on targeted interventions which could help in ensuring that a child receives early on healthcare which are imperative for their future growth.
Anotace v angličtině
In 2018, around 5.3 million children under the age of five died due to preventable causes, with majority of deaths taking place in developing countries. Timely and adequate access to basic healthcares services could have a substantial impact in child's survival. Healthcare access among children is a fundamental basic opportunity which is detrimental for achieving good child health status.
The objective of the study is to analyze the coverage, level of inequality and main drivers contributing to the inequality of access to basic healthcare among children in Bangladesh. The study computes Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for a composite indicator of access to healthcare for children comprising birth taking place at health facility, skilled birth attendance, receiving vaccination and postnatal care. Using shapley decomposition method, the study further analyzes the marginal contributions of circumstances of a child towards the inequality.
Findings from the study indicate that mother's education, wealth index, location and number of the children in the household are strongly associated with access to basic healthcare. Decomposition results further highlights that inequality arising in coverage of basic healthcare services in Bangladesh is largely explained by, first wealth of the household then mother's education and geographic location. The index entails new public policy implications for early on targeted interventions which could help in ensuring that a child receives early on healthcare which are imperative for their future growth.
Klíčová slova
Inequality, healthcare access, circumstances, Human Opportunity Index
Klíčová slova v angličtině
Inequality, healthcare access, circumstances, Human Opportunity Index
Zásady pro vypracování
Background The equality of opportunity can help in determining the equality in outcomes for individual. The basis for this equality is rooted in Rawls's (1971) work on equalitarian justice and Sen"s (1980) concept of equality in capabilities. Roemer (1998) further reinforced this concept by analyzing the cause to inequality in opportunity. He argued that impact caused by the circumstances is the key determinant for this inequality as they are beyond an individual control while inequality arising from individuals' choices or degree of effort should be acceptable. Thus, inequality in children heath outcome could be solely linked to the circumstances that are families' background, living conditions, parents' education, household income, etc. The Human Opportunity Index (HOI) proposed by Barroset al.(2008) was first applied in Latin America and Caribbean (2008) by World Bank, analyzed how children personal circumstances have an impact on accessing services that are eminent for their growth in future, finds a significant inequality in development opportunity. Aims - Drawing upon the HOI this study will try to analyze and understand the inequality of opportunity in access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh. Coverage and access to maternal and children healthcare remains one of the most significant challenge for Bangladesh coupled with poverty and high population density. The purpose of the study is to compute the opportunity index for access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh by analyzing the coverage and level of inequality. For these purposes we will compute a Human Opportunity Index for access to basic healthcare and contribution of different circumstances in inequality of opportunity for basic health care for children Data and Methodology - For these purposes, we will use data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. This survey was implemented under the authority of the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh and funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Firstly we will define proxies of health care access and circumstance that might influence the access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh. Then we will compute human opportunity index by computation of coverage rate for access to opportunity and the D-Index (Inequality Index). Finally, we will use the decomposition method to compute the marginal contribution of circumstances in inequality of opportunity.
Zásady pro vypracování
Background The equality of opportunity can help in determining the equality in outcomes for individual. The basis for this equality is rooted in Rawls's (1971) work on equalitarian justice and Sen"s (1980) concept of equality in capabilities. Roemer (1998) further reinforced this concept by analyzing the cause to inequality in opportunity. He argued that impact caused by the circumstances is the key determinant for this inequality as they are beyond an individual control while inequality arising from individuals' choices or degree of effort should be acceptable. Thus, inequality in children heath outcome could be solely linked to the circumstances that are families' background, living conditions, parents' education, household income, etc. The Human Opportunity Index (HOI) proposed by Barroset al.(2008) was first applied in Latin America and Caribbean (2008) by World Bank, analyzed how children personal circumstances have an impact on accessing services that are eminent for their growth in future, finds a significant inequality in development opportunity. Aims - Drawing upon the HOI this study will try to analyze and understand the inequality of opportunity in access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh. Coverage and access to maternal and children healthcare remains one of the most significant challenge for Bangladesh coupled with poverty and high population density. The purpose of the study is to compute the opportunity index for access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh by analyzing the coverage and level of inequality. For these purposes we will compute a Human Opportunity Index for access to basic healthcare and contribution of different circumstances in inequality of opportunity for basic health care for children Data and Methodology - For these purposes, we will use data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. This survey was implemented under the authority of the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh and funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Firstly we will define proxies of health care access and circumstance that might influence the access to basic healthcare for children in Bangladesh. Then we will compute human opportunity index by computation of coverage rate for access to opportunity and the D-Index (Inequality Index). Finally, we will use the decomposition method to compute the marginal contribution of circumstances in inequality of opportunity.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Brunori, P., Ferreira, F. H. G., & Peragine, V. (2013). Inequality of opportunity, income inequality, and economic mobility: Some international comparisons. Getting Development Right: Structural Transformation, Inclusion, and Sustainability in the Post-Crisis Era, (7155), 85?115. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137333117_5; Carrieri, V., & Jones, A. M. (2018). Inequality of opportunity in health: A decomposition-based approach. Health Economics (United Kingdom), 27(12), 1981?1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3814 Dias, P. R., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Giving equality of opportunity a fair innings. Health Economics, 16(2), 109?112. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1207 Molinas Vega, J. R., Barros, R. P., Chanduvi, J., Giugale, M., & Hasan, A. (2012). Do Our Children Have a Chance? A Human Opportunity Report for Latin America and the Caribbean. (World Bank, Ed.). The World Bank. Roemer, J. E., & Trannoy, A. (2016). Equality of opportunity: Theory and measurement. Journal of Economic Literature, 54(4), 1288?1332. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151206 Sanoussi, Y. (2017). Measurement and analysis of inequality of opportunity in access of maternal and child health care in Togo. BMC Health Services Research, 17(Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2647-8
Amara, M., & Jemmali, H. (2017). On the decomposition and dynamics of inequality of opportunities: a special focus on early childhood health and nutrition in Tunisia. Ebaidalla, E. M. (2019). WIDER Working Paper 2019 / 86 Inequality of opportunity in child health in Sudan Across-region study, (November).
Seznam doporučené literatury
Brunori, P., Ferreira, F. H. G., & Peragine, V. (2013). Inequality of opportunity, income inequality, and economic mobility: Some international comparisons. Getting Development Right: Structural Transformation, Inclusion, and Sustainability in the Post-Crisis Era, (7155), 85?115. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137333117_5; Carrieri, V., & Jones, A. M. (2018). Inequality of opportunity in health: A decomposition-based approach. Health Economics (United Kingdom), 27(12), 1981?1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3814 Dias, P. R., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Giving equality of opportunity a fair innings. Health Economics, 16(2), 109?112. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1207 Molinas Vega, J. R., Barros, R. P., Chanduvi, J., Giugale, M., & Hasan, A. (2012). Do Our Children Have a Chance? A Human Opportunity Report for Latin America and the Caribbean. (World Bank, Ed.). The World Bank. Roemer, J. E., & Trannoy, A. (2016). Equality of opportunity: Theory and measurement. Journal of Economic Literature, 54(4), 1288?1332. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151206 Sanoussi, Y. (2017). Measurement and analysis of inequality of opportunity in access of maternal and child health care in Togo. BMC Health Services Research, 17(Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2647-8
Amara, M., & Jemmali, H. (2017). On the decomposition and dynamics of inequality of opportunities: a special focus on early childhood health and nutrition in Tunisia. Ebaidalla, E. M. (2019). WIDER Working Paper 2019 / 86 Inequality of opportunity in child health in Sudan Across-region study, (November).
Přílohy volně vložené
CD
Přílohy vázané v práci
mapy, grafy, tabulky
Převzato z knihovny
Ano
Plný text práce
Přílohy
Posudek(y) oponenta
Hodnocení vedoucího
Záznam průběhu obhajoby
Student presented the results of the diploma thesis - Inequality of Healthcare Access among Children in Bangladesh: An Opportunity Based Approach. Student introduced main topics, objectives and methodology of the thesis and policy implications. Committee was familiarized with both reviews from supervisor and reviewer. Discussion followed - student focused on those topics and issues - comparison of the results, factors of inequality, etc.