Informace o kvalifikační práci European Cultural Identity in Light of Brexit:
A Comparison between Liverpool 2008 European Capital of Culture and Hull 2017 UK City of Culture
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Hlavní téma
European Cultural Identity and Relations in Light of Brexit:
A Comparison between Liverpool 2008 European Capital of Culture and Hull 2017 UK City of Culture
Hlavní téma v angličtině
European Cultural Identity and Relations in Light of Brexit:
A Comparison between Liverpool 2008 European Capital of Culture and Hull 2017 UK City of Culture
Název dle studenta
European Cultural Identity in Light of Brexit:
A Comparison between Liverpool 2008 European Capital of Culture and Hull 2017 UK City of Culture
Název dle studenta v angličtině
European Cultural Identity in Light of Brexit:
A Comparison between Liverpool 2008 European Capital of Culture and Hull 2017 UK City of Culture
In 2017, the European Commission (EC) stated that the United Kingdom was excluded from the competition to host the title of European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2023. This was due to the British government's decision to exit the European Union after the results in the 2016 referendum where British citizens voted 'leave' with a slight majority. The EC's resolution has resulted in some debates across the UK regarding whether they should be excluded from the project or not, and remainers feel dispirited. Although the main objective of the ECOC programme is to create a common European identity through showing of the diversity of European people, the outrage arising from this decision has more to do with the impossibility to enjoy all the other benefits that the ECOC brings to the cities. The UK City of Culture (UKCOC) was created after the success of Liverpool 2008 - success measured in economic and urban regeneration terms mainly -, to follow the same path, so that British cities did not have to wait a long time to benefit from such programme. However, now that Brexit has stood in their way to host the European title, can the UKCOC project take over the role of ECOC and be used as a tool to foster a common European identity in a divided society? In this thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to contribute to the creation of a common European identity in a country which has decided to leave the EU. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
Anotace v angličtině
In 2017, the European Commission (EC) stated that the United Kingdom was excluded from the competition to host the title of European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2023. This was due to the British government's decision to exit the European Union after the results in the 2016 referendum where British citizens voted 'leave' with a slight majority. The EC's resolution has resulted in some debates across the UK regarding whether they should be excluded from the project or not, and remainers feel dispirited. Although the main objective of the ECOC programme is to create a common European identity through showing of the diversity of European people, the outrage arising from this decision has more to do with the impossibility to enjoy all the other benefits that the ECOC brings to the cities. The UK City of Culture (UKCOC) was created after the success of Liverpool 2008 - success measured in economic and urban regeneration terms mainly -, to follow the same path, so that British cities did not have to wait a long time to benefit from such programme. However, now that Brexit has stood in their way to host the European title, can the UKCOC project take over the role of ECOC and be used as a tool to foster a common European identity in a divided society? In this thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to contribute to the creation of a common European identity in a country which has decided to leave the EU. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
Klíčová slova
European Capital of Culture, UK City of Culture, European dimension, intercultural dialogue, European identity, Liverpool, Hull, Brexit.
Klíčová slova v angličtině
European Capital of Culture, UK City of Culture, European dimension, intercultural dialogue, European identity, Liverpool, Hull, Brexit.
Rozsah průvodní práce
52
Jazyk
AN
Anotace
In 2017, the European Commission (EC) stated that the United Kingdom was excluded from the competition to host the title of European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2023. This was due to the British government's decision to exit the European Union after the results in the 2016 referendum where British citizens voted 'leave' with a slight majority. The EC's resolution has resulted in some debates across the UK regarding whether they should be excluded from the project or not, and remainers feel dispirited. Although the main objective of the ECOC programme is to create a common European identity through showing of the diversity of European people, the outrage arising from this decision has more to do with the impossibility to enjoy all the other benefits that the ECOC brings to the cities. The UK City of Culture (UKCOC) was created after the success of Liverpool 2008 - success measured in economic and urban regeneration terms mainly -, to follow the same path, so that British cities did not have to wait a long time to benefit from such programme. However, now that Brexit has stood in their way to host the European title, can the UKCOC project take over the role of ECOC and be used as a tool to foster a common European identity in a divided society? In this thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to contribute to the creation of a common European identity in a country which has decided to leave the EU. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
Anotace v angličtině
In 2017, the European Commission (EC) stated that the United Kingdom was excluded from the competition to host the title of European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2023. This was due to the British government's decision to exit the European Union after the results in the 2016 referendum where British citizens voted 'leave' with a slight majority. The EC's resolution has resulted in some debates across the UK regarding whether they should be excluded from the project or not, and remainers feel dispirited. Although the main objective of the ECOC programme is to create a common European identity through showing of the diversity of European people, the outrage arising from this decision has more to do with the impossibility to enjoy all the other benefits that the ECOC brings to the cities. The UK City of Culture (UKCOC) was created after the success of Liverpool 2008 - success measured in economic and urban regeneration terms mainly -, to follow the same path, so that British cities did not have to wait a long time to benefit from such programme. However, now that Brexit has stood in their way to host the European title, can the UKCOC project take over the role of ECOC and be used as a tool to foster a common European identity in a divided society? In this thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to contribute to the creation of a common European identity in a country which has decided to leave the EU. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
Klíčová slova
European Capital of Culture, UK City of Culture, European dimension, intercultural dialogue, European identity, Liverpool, Hull, Brexit.
Klíčová slova v angličtině
European Capital of Culture, UK City of Culture, European dimension, intercultural dialogue, European identity, Liverpool, Hull, Brexit.
Zásady pro vypracování
The European Capital of Culture (ECOC) is a cultural project carried out by the European Union in which one city from a European country (either belonging or applicant candidates to the EU) is named European Capital of Culture. The designation of this title lasts for one year, and different cultural events take place within it. This project was born in 1985 and many European cities have benefited from it. The aim of the ECOC is to highlight the cultural diversity within Europe, as well as to build up a common European identity, and numerous reports prove its positive added results such as the increase in tourism or the city regeneration through culture. However, the United Kingdom has decided to leave the European Union as a result of a referendum run by the British government, and this entails a wide range of consequences, not only economical but also in the field of culture and cultural relations.
In the past, Glasgow and Liverpool have already been ECOC and have shown the success of the project. After Liverpool 2008 ECOC, the Secretary of State for Culture, Andy Burnham, and Phil Redmond suggested that it would be a good idea to run a nationwide project similar to the ECOC to keep the momentum, since the next UK city holding the title would not be possible until 2023. Therefore, the British government created the project UK City of Culture (UKCOC) with similar goals and characteristics to those of the ECOC, but with the particularity of being a project just for cities within the UK. In 2013, Derry-Londonderry was the first UK city to be UKCOC, followed by Kingston upon Hull in 2017.
With this previous experience, different cities from the UK were hoping to become the future ECOC, but their dream has been shattered by Brexit. For the year 2023, the United Kingdom was one of the countries entitled to bid for European Capital of Culture. There were several cities, such as Leeds or Nottingham, preparing and submitting their bids. However, last year the European Commission announced that, due to the United Kingdom current situation and its decision to withdraw from the EU, it was no possible for any British city to bid for ECOC as for the year 2023 the UK would not fit the criteria for applying. Now, British people will need to rely on their new project UKCOC to boost their cities and cultural scene. However, in a context where society is divided between leaving and remaining, could this project become a new tool for cultural diplomacy between UK and EU?
According to this context, in my thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to keep cultural relations alive. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
I will use a mixed approach of qualitative methods to answer my research question. Firstly, I will take into account the different ways of showing European dimension in ECOCs to analyse Liverpool's and Hull's cultural programmes as well as their impact reports based on the level of community engagement, intercultural dialogue, European cooperation, etc. Secondly, I will use a discourse analysis approach to look into some media coverage of the event years to see how this European common identity was interpreted from the outside. Finally, I will compare both projects in order to draw a conclusion and see whether UKCOC can take over the role of ECOCs in case Brexit goes ahead. In this case, I decided to use a comparative approach as UKCOC was a project mainly based on ECOC programme and there are some similarities. Particularly, I chose the case of Hull because it gives the opportunity to analyse European themes, whereas Derry-Londonderry UKCOC programme was aimed to conflict-solving goals.
Zásady pro vypracování
The European Capital of Culture (ECOC) is a cultural project carried out by the European Union in which one city from a European country (either belonging or applicant candidates to the EU) is named European Capital of Culture. The designation of this title lasts for one year, and different cultural events take place within it. This project was born in 1985 and many European cities have benefited from it. The aim of the ECOC is to highlight the cultural diversity within Europe, as well as to build up a common European identity, and numerous reports prove its positive added results such as the increase in tourism or the city regeneration through culture. However, the United Kingdom has decided to leave the European Union as a result of a referendum run by the British government, and this entails a wide range of consequences, not only economical but also in the field of culture and cultural relations.
In the past, Glasgow and Liverpool have already been ECOC and have shown the success of the project. After Liverpool 2008 ECOC, the Secretary of State for Culture, Andy Burnham, and Phil Redmond suggested that it would be a good idea to run a nationwide project similar to the ECOC to keep the momentum, since the next UK city holding the title would not be possible until 2023. Therefore, the British government created the project UK City of Culture (UKCOC) with similar goals and characteristics to those of the ECOC, but with the particularity of being a project just for cities within the UK. In 2013, Derry-Londonderry was the first UK city to be UKCOC, followed by Kingston upon Hull in 2017.
With this previous experience, different cities from the UK were hoping to become the future ECOC, but their dream has been shattered by Brexit. For the year 2023, the United Kingdom was one of the countries entitled to bid for European Capital of Culture. There were several cities, such as Leeds or Nottingham, preparing and submitting their bids. However, last year the European Commission announced that, due to the United Kingdom current situation and its decision to withdraw from the EU, it was no possible for any British city to bid for ECOC as for the year 2023 the UK would not fit the criteria for applying. Now, British people will need to rely on their new project UKCOC to boost their cities and cultural scene. However, in a context where society is divided between leaving and remaining, could this project become a new tool for cultural diplomacy between UK and EU?
According to this context, in my thesis, I want to research the European dimension and European identity building process through a non-EU project such as UK City of Culture, in order to see its connection with Europe and its potential to keep cultural relations alive. To do so, I will take Liverpool 2008 as a reference point to compare with the latest UKCOC, Hull 2017. I will analyse the European dimension in both projects and compare the outcomes to draw a conclusion.
I will use a mixed approach of qualitative methods to answer my research question. Firstly, I will take into account the different ways of showing European dimension in ECOCs to analyse Liverpool's and Hull's cultural programmes as well as their impact reports based on the level of community engagement, intercultural dialogue, European cooperation, etc. Secondly, I will use a discourse analysis approach to look into some media coverage of the event years to see how this European common identity was interpreted from the outside. Finally, I will compare both projects in order to draw a conclusion and see whether UKCOC can take over the role of ECOCs in case Brexit goes ahead. In this case, I decided to use a comparative approach as UKCOC was a project mainly based on ECOC programme and there are some similarities. Particularly, I chose the case of Hull because it gives the opportunity to analyse European themes, whereas Derry-Londonderry UKCOC programme was aimed to conflict-solving goals.
Seznam doporučené literatury
Arts Council England. Impact of Brexit on the Arts and Culture Sector. ICM and SQW. London, 2017
Bee, C. and C. Clarke. "Examining the Success of the European Capital of Culture in Sustaining the Cultural Foundations of the European Identity: An Analysis of Media Representations and Journalists' Views on Liverpool 2008", Journal of Contemporary European Research 11, no. 2, (2015): 212-229.
Boland, Philip. "Capital of Cultureyou must be having a laugh!' Challenging the official rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European cultural capital", Social & Cultural Geography, no. 11: 7, (2010): 627 645 DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2010.508562
Catlin, Marion. UK City of Culture programme - history and update as Hull wins the 2017 title. LGiU, 2013 URL: https://www.lgiu.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/UK-City-of-Culture-programme-history-and-update-as-Hull-wins-the-2017-title.pdf
Corbett, Steve. "The Social Consequences of Brexit for the UK and Europe: Euroscepticism, Populism, Nationalism, and Societal Division." International Journal of Social Quality, 6, no. 1, (2016): 11-31. URL: http://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/1822
Culture, Place and Policy Institute and University of Hull. Cultural Transformations: The Impact of Hull UK City of Culture 2017. Hull, 2018
European Commission. European Capitals of Culture: the road to success . From 1985 to 2010. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009. DOI: 10.2766/59910
García, Beatríz, Chiara Zuanni, and Stephen Crone. "Liverpool 2018: European Capital of Culture Legacies, 10 Years On." Liverpool 2018, First Report. Liverpool: Institute of Cultural Capital, 2016.
García, Beatriz, Ruth Melville and Tamsin Cox. "Creating an impact: Liverpool's experience as European Capital of Culture." Impacts 08. European Capital of Culture Research Programme. University of Liverpool. Liverpool, 2010
Gardner, Andrew. "Brexit, boundaries and imperial identities: A comparative view". Journal of Social Archaeology 17, no. 1, (2017): 3-26 DOI: 10.1177/1469605316686875Immler, Nicole L. and Hans Sakkers. "(Re)Programming Europe: European Capitals of Culture: rethinking the role of culture." Journal of European Studies 44, no. 1, (2014): 3-29. DOI:10.1177/0047244113515567
Lähdesmäki, Tuuli. "Identity Politics in the European Capital of Culture Initiative." Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, No 84. University of Eastern Finland, 2014.
Lähdesmäki, Tuuli. "Rhetoric of Unity and Cultural Diversity in the Making of European Cultural Identity." International Journal of Cultural Policy 18, no. 1 (2012): 59-75. DOI:10.1080/10286632.2011.561335.
Palmer, Robert. European Cities and Capitals of Culture. Part I. Brussels: Palmer/Rae
Associates, 2004. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/library/palmer-report-capitals-culture-1995-2004-i_en.pdf
Scullion, Adrienne and Beatriz García. "What is cultural policy research?" International Journal of Cultural Policy 11, No. 2, (2005): 113-127 DOI: 10.1080/10286630500198104
Seznam doporučené literatury
Arts Council England. Impact of Brexit on the Arts and Culture Sector. ICM and SQW. London, 2017
Bee, C. and C. Clarke. "Examining the Success of the European Capital of Culture in Sustaining the Cultural Foundations of the European Identity: An Analysis of Media Representations and Journalists' Views on Liverpool 2008", Journal of Contemporary European Research 11, no. 2, (2015): 212-229.
Boland, Philip. "Capital of Cultureyou must be having a laugh!' Challenging the official rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European cultural capital", Social & Cultural Geography, no. 11: 7, (2010): 627 645 DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2010.508562
Catlin, Marion. UK City of Culture programme - history and update as Hull wins the 2017 title. LGiU, 2013 URL: https://www.lgiu.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/UK-City-of-Culture-programme-history-and-update-as-Hull-wins-the-2017-title.pdf
Corbett, Steve. "The Social Consequences of Brexit for the UK and Europe: Euroscepticism, Populism, Nationalism, and Societal Division." International Journal of Social Quality, 6, no. 1, (2016): 11-31. URL: http://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/1822
Culture, Place and Policy Institute and University of Hull. Cultural Transformations: The Impact of Hull UK City of Culture 2017. Hull, 2018
European Commission. European Capitals of Culture: the road to success . From 1985 to 2010. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009. DOI: 10.2766/59910
García, Beatríz, Chiara Zuanni, and Stephen Crone. "Liverpool 2018: European Capital of Culture Legacies, 10 Years On." Liverpool 2018, First Report. Liverpool: Institute of Cultural Capital, 2016.
García, Beatriz, Ruth Melville and Tamsin Cox. "Creating an impact: Liverpool's experience as European Capital of Culture." Impacts 08. European Capital of Culture Research Programme. University of Liverpool. Liverpool, 2010
Gardner, Andrew. "Brexit, boundaries and imperial identities: A comparative view". Journal of Social Archaeology 17, no. 1, (2017): 3-26 DOI: 10.1177/1469605316686875Immler, Nicole L. and Hans Sakkers. "(Re)Programming Europe: European Capitals of Culture: rethinking the role of culture." Journal of European Studies 44, no. 1, (2014): 3-29. DOI:10.1177/0047244113515567
Lähdesmäki, Tuuli. "Identity Politics in the European Capital of Culture Initiative." Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, No 84. University of Eastern Finland, 2014.
Lähdesmäki, Tuuli. "Rhetoric of Unity and Cultural Diversity in the Making of European Cultural Identity." International Journal of Cultural Policy 18, no. 1 (2012): 59-75. DOI:10.1080/10286632.2011.561335.
Palmer, Robert. European Cities and Capitals of Culture. Part I. Brussels: Palmer/Rae
Associates, 2004. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/library/palmer-report-capitals-culture-1995-2004-i_en.pdf
Scullion, Adrienne and Beatriz García. "What is cultural policy research?" International Journal of Cultural Policy 11, No. 2, (2005): 113-127 DOI: 10.1080/10286630500198104