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Lecturer(s)
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Kocourková Lenka, Mgr.
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Sikorová Kateřina, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Strnad Adam, Mgr.
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Petřek Martin, prof. MUDr. CSc.
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Rancová Hana, MUDr.
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Cápec Szergej
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Cápec Gabriella
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Veselý Ondřej, MUDr.
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Navrátilová Zdenka, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Petřková Jana, doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Introduction. Basic concepts in pathophysiology. Health and disease. Local and general symptoms, syndromes. Objective methods in course of disease and symptoms evaluation. Genetic basis of diseases.Medical exploration. Laboratory investigation. Laboratory quantities. Laboratory markers. Common mechanisms of disease origin.Disease as regulating disturbance. Disease course and endings.The role of membrane receptors and signals transduction in disease origin. Free radicals: origin, effects, the role in disease pathogenesis. Hypothetical causes of ageing. Pathophysiology of inflammation.Mechanisms inflammantory reaction. Fever. Acute phase response. SIRS. Healing. Recovery. Non- specific and specific defence mechanisms. Immunopatogenic reaction. Hypersensitivity reactions. Skin and mucosal manifestations.. Autoimmune diseases. Immunodeficiences. HIV- AIDS.Up- to-date etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiological bases of knowledge. Individual stages manifestation in orofacial area. Pathophysiology of blood elements. Anaemia. Leucopenia. Leucocytosis.Etiopathogenesis, manifestation in mouth.Pathophysiology of blood substitution, blood transfusion. Pathophysiology of bone marrow transplantation. Coagulation disturbances. Bleeding states, disturbances of primary and secondary hemostasis, DIC.Thrombophilia -civilisation disease, Etiology, risk factors, thrombembolism Circulatory failure. A survey of syncope. Sudden death. Acute episodes in dental practice. A survey of shock states. Pathophysiological aspects of shock pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Pathophysiology of acute and chronic cardiac failure, etiology, development, basic therapeutic aproach. Ischemic heart disease -civilizing disease. Acute myocardial infarction. Risk factors. Pathophysiological aspects of pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. ECG and laboratory changes in ISCHD. Cardiac arhythmias.Disturbances of creation excitement. Disturbances of creation conduction. Cardiac blocks, preexcitation, re-entry phenomenon. Basic ECG evaluation. Defibrilation and cardioversion. Pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertension as civilizing disease. Pathophysiological aspects of pathogenesis and prevention. Basic therapeutic aproach. Pathophysiology of vessels. atherosclerosis Venous insufficiency of lower limbs. Lymphatic system and microcirculation disturbances. Oedemas. Etiopathogenesis, examples. Pathogenesis of principal significant respiratory disturbances. Gas exchange. Obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. Risk factors. Respiratory insufficiency- partial, global.Respiratory failure. Distress breathing syndrome. Pathophysiology of cancerogenesis. Mechanisms of cell proliferation, invasive growth, metastases, consequences, complications.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work, Projection (static, dynamic)
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Learning outcomes
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The major objective of the course is to provide students of dentistry with knowledge that enables them to understand the causes of pathological states and the molecular, cellular, organ and systemic mechanisms of development of medical syndromes, symptoms, and major diseases. The course starts with studying the typical pathological processes: cell damage, inflammation, fever, disorders of water, ion and acid-base balance. Further on during the course students study pathophysiology of respiratory, cardiovascular system, blood and coagulation. Special attention is provided to manifestations of the systemic diseases in oral cavity, and role of the disorders of oral cavity in etiology and pathogenesis of the systemic diseases.
The subject introduces a student into a complex dynamic role and mutual interplay of both external (environmental) and internal (genetic) factors in the origin and development of diseases. Based on the definition of risk factors, the subject lays emphasis on the key role of the civilization risk factors and analyses the major civilization disorders as a consequence of the conflict between environmental cues and inherited dispositions. In particular, the student gets knowledge about etiopathogenesis of diseases and learns the basis for practical therapeutic and preventive measures.
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Prerequisites
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Completion of courses Anatomy, Physiology, Medical Biochemistry, Medical Biophysic. Registration of course Patology - 2nd year.
NAN/ZUB11 and BIO/ZUB11 and LCH/ZUA11 and LBF/ZUA11 and HIE/ZUB12 and KAR/VCB11 and ST1/ZUB01 and ST1/ZUB40 and NAN/ZUA11 and BIO/ZUA11 and ST1/ZUA40
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Essay
1) In accordance with Directive of the dean of the faculty of medicine and dentistry LF-B-18/14, article 7. item 1, Department sets the following limit for absences: 4,5 teaching hours (10%, this means 1 whole and 0.5 exercises) without apologies. Substitutions are provided at the 15th week of the study. 2) Credit will be granted upon successful answering 2/3 of questions from the respective term topics in the final test on the computer in the 15th week of the term. To take (or re-take) the Credit final test students must register on STAG. 3) There are two possibilities for correction of unsuccessful credit test; after that, at the discretion of the department, opportunity for oral correction with at least two teachers will be considered. 4) Unpreparedness of the student, i.e. the basic deficit in knowledge of the material discussed in the previous Pathophysiology lessons or crucial deficits from previous subjects, especially Physiology, Biochemistry, Histology, Anatomy, etc., can be a reason for exclusion from the lesson.
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Recommended literature
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Obecná patologická fyziologie. Praha Karolinum.
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. Část I.. Praha.
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Nečas, E. a kol. (2013). Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů. Část II.. Praha Karolinum.
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PÁVKOVÁ GOLDBERGOVÁ, M. (2016). Patofyziologie v obrazech. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
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Silbernagl, S., Lang, F. (2012). Atlas patofyziologie člověka. Praha: Grada Publishing.
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www.pfyziolklin.upol.cz. www.pfyziolklin.upol.cz.
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