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Lecturer(s)
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Petřek Martin, prof. MUDr. CSc.
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Cápec Gabriella
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Cápec Szergej
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Navrátilová Zdenka, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Introduction. Basic concepts in pathophysiology. Normal, abnormal, healthy, ill. Syndromes, symptoms, objective tests. Alternative medicine. General mechanisms of diseases. 1. Disturbances of homeostasis. Course and outcomes of diseases. General mechanisms of diseases. 2. Disturbances of intercellular and intracellular signalling cascades. Inflammation. Mechanisms. Symptoms. Fever. Pathophysiology of immunity. The major disturbances of immunity. The major symptoms that can be observed on skin and mucosa. Acute circulatory failure. 1. A review. Syncope. Sudden death. Acute circulatory events in stomatology. Acute circulatory failure. 2. Shock. Phases, development. Principles of prevention and therapy. Acute and chronic cardiac failure. Chronic circulatory failure. The major forms. Etiology, genesis, principles of treatment. Ischemic heard disease as a civilisation disorder. Acute myocardial infarction. Etiology, development, diagnosis, principles of prevention and therapy. Hypertension as a civilisation disorder. Etiology, genesis, principles of prevention and therapy. The major diseases of vessels and peripheral circulation. Endothelial dysfunction. Atherogenesis, atherosclerosis. Vessel disability in major systemic diseases. Disturbances of haemocoagulation. Coagulopathies. Bleeding. Disturbances of fibrinolysis. Importance in stomatology. Thrombophilia as a civilisation disorder. The major diseases of blood cells. Diseases of erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes. Symptoms observable on skin and mucosis. The major respiratory disturbances. Obstructive diseases, emphysema, restrictive diseases. Respiratory failure. Respiratory distress syndromes. Principles of prevention and treatment.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook), Methods of Written Work, Projection (static, dynamic)
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Learning outcomes
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During the course dentistry students of acquire knowledge about molecular, cellular, organ and systemic mechanisms of pathogenesis of disorders of nutrition, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, endocrine and nervous system. Pathophysiology of disorders of connective tissues and bones is also discussed. Students study systemic manifestations of abovementioned disorders and emphasis is made on pathogenesis of orofacial changes. Students learn to analyze typical clinical case studies related to dentistry praxis with reference to common principles of etiology and pathogenesis of diseases.
The subject introduces a student into a complex dynamic role and mutual interplay of both external (environmental) and internal (genetic) factors in the origin and development of diseases. Based on the definition of risk factors, the subject lays emphasis on the key role of the civilization risk factors and analyses the major civilization disorders as a consequence of the conflict between environmental cues and inherited dispositions. In particular, the student gets knowledge about etiopathogenesis of diseases and learns the basis for practical therapeutic and preventive measures.
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Prerequisites
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Completion of courses Anatomy, Medical Biophysics, Medical Biochemistry, Physiology, Biology.
PFY/ZAB11 and BIO/ZAB11 and NAN/ZAB11 and CJA/ZAB41 and FYZ/ZAB11 and PAT/ZAB11 and LCH/ZAB21 and LCH/ZAA21 and HIE/ZAA12
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Essay
Credit conditions are as follows: 1) In accordance with Directive of the dean of the faculty of medicine and dentistry LF-B-18/14, article 7. item 1, Department sets the following limit for absences: 4,5 teaching hours (10%, this means 1 whole and 0.5 exercises) without apologies. Substitutions are provided at the 15th week of the study. 2) Credit will be granted upon successful answering 2/3 of questions from the respective term topics in the final test on the computer in the 15th week of the term. To take (or re-take) the Credit final test students must register on STAG. 3) There are two possibilities for correction of unsuccessful credit test; after that, at the discretion of the department, opportunity for oral correction with at least two teachers will be considered. 4) Unpreparedness of the student, i.e. the basic deficit in knowledge of the material discussed in the previous Pathophysiology lessons or crucial deficits from previous subjects, especially Physiology, Biochemistry, Histology, Anatomy, etc., can be a reason for exclusion from the lesson.
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Recommended literature
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McCance K. L., Huether S. E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children.
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Sheila Grossman, Carol Mattson Porth. (2014). Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States.
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Silbernagl, S., Lang, F., Gay, R., & Rothenburger, A. (2016). Color atlas of pathophysiology.
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