-Biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, peptides and proteins. The central dogma. Transcription and translation. - Enzymes. Description, properties, classes of enzymes, enzyme kinetics, inhibitors. Interactions between proteins and small molecules. IC50. - Carbohydrates. The function of carbohydrates in organisms overview of basic sugars. Metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis and degradation of polysacharides. Recognition - carbohydrate antigens. - The metabolism and biosynthesis of lipids, lipid types, biomembranes and regulatory processes on them, the transport through the membrane. - Structure and function of nucleic acids, biosynthesis and metabolism of nucleic acids. - Steroids and terpenes. The mevalonate pathway, natural substances based on isoprenoids, steroid receptors, signaling pathways. - Energy cells and the whole organism, mitochondria, energy transport, energy reserves. - Regulation of gene expression, epigenetics, regulation of transcription and translation, the principle of functioning of the miRNA, siRNA. - High capacity drig screening, library materials and their types. Combinatorial approach to organic synthesis. Historical summary -from traditional medicine for the rational design of new drugs. - Relationship between structure and activity of the small molecules, quantification, predictions of properties of the new compounds. Molecular modeling. Descriptors. Bioisosteres. QSAR. - Physical, chemical and biological properties of drugs. Lipinski's rules lipophilicity vs. hydrophilicity, ADME-TOX properties, and in silico predictions. Prodrug. - Use of fluorescence and luminescence in chemical biology. The principle of the fluorescence properties of the fluorescent substances and their quantification. Fluorescent proteins and nucleosides. Gene reporters luminescent technology mapping cellular pathways. - Treatment goals at the molecular level. Proteins, enzymes, receptors, signaling pathways. Binding of ligand to the target - physical nature (entropic and enthalpic contribution). - Biorthogonal response and recovery. Click reactions using a catalyst and without catalyst. Other examples of cycloaddition reactions compatible with living organisms. Principles of stereochemistry.
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