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Lecturer(s)
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Cichá Martina, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Sofková Tereza, PhDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Ontogenetic development. Basic developmental processes (proliferation, differentiation, migration, inductive interactions of cells, cell recognition, growth, morphogenetic cell death). 2. Prenatal development. Progenesis, gametogenesis (spermatogenesis, oogenesis). Fertilization. 3. Development of eggs after fertilization. Development of embryo and foetus during individual months of pregnancy, placental function. 4. Pregnancy (full-term and mature foetus). Parturition (stages of labour), signs of full-term foetus. 5. The effect of negative external factors on the development of embryo and foetus during pregnancy (the effect of teratogenic factors). 6. Characteristics of somatic development of an individual in newborn, infant, toddler and preschool age. School readiness. 7. School age. Division of school age. Characteristics of younger school age. Older school age (puberty), main physical changes during puberty, factors impacting the onset of puberty, hormonal control of puberty, pubertal growth spurt. Puberty in girls. Puberty in boys. Secondary sexual characteristics. Characteristics of adolescence, adulthood and old age. Causes of aging. 8. Biological age. Term definition, relation between biological and chronological age. Methods for diagnosing biological age in children, practical use. Determining biological age in adults. Term definition, changes during aging, methods for determining biological age in adults. The significance of determining biological age in adults. 9. Secular trend. Definition of the term secular trend, secular acceleration and secular retardation. Theory and causes of secular acceleration. 10. Factors affecting growth. Genetic and environmental factors, affecting growth. Patterns of physical growth, Regularities of developmental process. 11. Hormonal control of growth in the postnatal period. Prenatal growth control. An overview of growth disorders. The causes of excessive growth (physiological variants, real precocious puberty, precocious pseudopuberty, endocrinopathy, dysmorphic symptoms). Causes for growth retardation. Familiar stature, constitutional delay of puberty, endocrine disorders, systemic disease, genetic disorders. 12. Introduction to human evolution. Animistic ideas about human evolution and creation theories. The theory of evolution. 13. Systematic classification of humans into the animal kingdom. Differences and common characteristics of humans and apes. Origin and evolution of primates. 14. The theory of hominids origination. Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus. Sapientation. 15. The theory of modern man origination (monocentrism, multiregional theory). Homo sapiens. 16. Indirect evidence of human evolution (rudiments, atavisms).
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Training in job and motor Skils
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Preparation for the Exam
- 20 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of Developmental Anthropology discipline is for the students to gain a comprehensive overview of human evolution as a species (the theory of phylogenesis fundamentals), as well as an individual (ontogenetic development). Emphasis is mainly on the individual stages of an individual?s development, commencing with prenatal development. It clarifies the effect of internal and external factors on development of Man, and deals with the patterns of physical growth and development.
Students will be able to describe the different stages of ontogenetic development of man and be able to explain which factors influence somatic human development and also to describe the effects of negative factors and their repercussions on the healthy development of the individual.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of phylogeny and ontogeny.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Seminar Work
- elaboration of a thesis on a selected topic - 80% participation in tutorials
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Recommended literature
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Bláha, P., Susanne, CH., Rebato, E. et al. (2007). Essentials of Biological Anthropology (Selected Chapters).. Praha: Karolinum.
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Soukup, V. (2004). Dějiny antropologie. Praha: Karolinum.
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Šmahel, Z. (2005). Příběh lidského rodu .. Brno: Moravské zemské muzeum.
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VIGNEROVÁ, J., BLÁHA, P. (2001). Sledování růstu českých dětí a dospívajících (Norma, vyhublost, obezita).. Praha.
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VIGNEROVÁ, J., RIEDLOVÁ, J., BLÁHA, P., KOBZOVÁ, J., KREJČOVSKÝ, L., BRABEC, M., HRUŠKOVÁ, M. (2006). 6. celostátní antropologický výzkum dětí a mládeže 2001 Česká republika. Praha: PřF UK a SZÚ, 2006. 238 s. ISBN 80-86561-30-5. Praha: Přírodovědecká fakulta Univerzity Karlovy; Státní zdravotní ústav.
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