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Lecturer(s)
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Rohoň Peter, doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Hlušičková Kapraľová Katarína, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Kořalková Pavla, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Fellnerová Ivana, RNDr. Ph.D.
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Volejníková Jana, doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Divoký Vladimír, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Horváthová Monika, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Šimková Dana, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, microorganisms, cell communication, cell membranes, cellular transport, cell lines. Genetic information, human genome, gene expression regulation, transcription, translation, nucleic acids function, protein functions, cell signalling. Cell cycle and its regulation, mitosis, meiosis, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, stem cells biology. Oncogenes, tumour suppressors, tumour cells, blood elements, blood coagulation. Genetic predispositions/heritable component and somatic mutations in human disease. Genetic information and mutagenesis, laws of inheritance, Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance, gonosomal inheritance, gene linkage, congenital chromosomal abnormalities, Molecular basis of selected genetic diseases, genetic prognosis, biology and genetics of the immune system, genetics and medical practice, population genetics.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Observation, Laboratory Work
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Learning outcomes
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The course is focused on the study of basic cellular processes, the biology of selected human pathogens, human genetics and the principles of molecular methods in medicine. The biology course provides extended basics of medical biology following the secondary school curriculum, relevant with A levels or International Baccalaureate, and is designed to help students to understand the links between dysfunctional biological processes and the development of human diseases. Lectures and practices include functional anatomy of eukaryotic cells, dynamics of macromolecules, tissue function with an emphasis on the biology of blood, stem cells and tumour biology. Cellular and molecular biology module is followed by general genetics, genetics of selected human diseases, population genetics, prognosis and prevention of genetic diseases and immunogenetics. The subject is completed by a written exam.
Students who successfully complete the course will have the ability to: Describe functional and morphological differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Identify major classes of pathogenic microorganisms relevant to human infections; Explain key mechanisms involved in the DNA replication, mutagenesis and DNA repair, gene expression and cell signalling and the links of these processes to human disease; Describe the structure of human genome and its evolution; Describe approaches to the detection of changes in the DNA, RNA and protein levels; Describe key processes involved in the cellular transport; Explain critical cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, aging with emphasis on stem cell and tumour biology; Understand fundamentals of blood coagulation and transplantation biology; Solve basic problems in mendelian genetics; Explain the interactions of human genes and the genes-environment interplay; Calculate genetic risk based on the pedigree analysis in monogenic and complex diseases; Solve model situations of genetic diseases by the molecular biology approach.
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Prerequisites
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Students ought to have fundamental attainments at the A -levels or International Baccalaureate standards.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark, Oral exam, Written exam, Dialog, Seminar Work
The completion of all seminars is based on full attendance, active participation during the lessons, scoring at least minimal indicated score during tests (at regular or alternative term). The end-of- course exam comprises the content of lectures and practical seminars.
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Recommended literature
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Alberts, B., Heald, R., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Morgan, D.O. et al. (2023). Essential Cell Biology. New York, W.W Norton & Company.
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Cohn, R.D., Scherer, S.W., Hamosh, A. (2024). Thompson & Thompson Genetics and Genomics in Medicine. Philadelphia, Elsevier.
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Slabý, O. (2023). Medical Biology I. Cell and Molecular Biology. Brno: Masaryk University Press.
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Slabý, O. (2024). Medical Biology II. Genetics and Molecular Medicine. Brno: Masaryk University Press.
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