Developmental biology (and genetics) is presented as a global survey of principles of developmental processes. It is also presented as comparative science in order to demonstrate common features of developmental processes in phylogenetically distant groups of organisms. We will focus on genetic and epigenetic fundamentals of developmental processes on molecular level. The topic is divided into ten chapters and students receive their adequate e-presentations: (1) General principles of developmental genetics, history, embryonic induction (Spemann), models of flags (Wolpert), reaction-diffuse model of development (Turing), regulative and mosaic development, homeosis (Bateson, Goethe), programmed cell death, preformism and epigenesis (Aristotle), germ-line (Weismann), genes with maternal effects, morphalaxis and epimorphosis (2) Developmental processes in bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), fungi (yeast, Dictyostellium) and primitive animal models (Paramecium, Hydra, Caenorhabditis) (3) Flatworms - rediscovered model of developmental biology: regeneration, neurobiology, allometry, RNA-interference (4) Drosophila melanogaster - the queen of developmental genetics: genetic control cascade of embryogenesis, maternal and zygotic genes, homeotic genes, colinearity, imaginal discs, homeotic transdetermination (5) Deuterostomia as important models for developmental studies: sea urchin, fish, amphibians, birds, mammals (6) Medical aspects of developmental biology: therapy of infertility, malformations, teratogenesis, candidate genes, position cloning, stem cells, DNA therapy (7) Alternative models of plant developmental genetics: Anabaena, Acetabularia, Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Fucus, Marchantia, Physcomitrella, Ceratopteris, Populus, Antirrhinum, Linaria, Linum, Craterostigma, Zinnia, Silene, Zea, Oryza, Brachypodium, Gagea, Eleocharis, orchids (8) Arabidopsis thaliana model: gametophye and sporophyte, imprinting in endosperm, control of embryogenesis, regulative development, control of flowering, MADS-box genes, homeobox genes, Polycomb proteins (Medea) (9) Sex and its determination, genetically, hormone and epigenetically controlled sexuality, structure and evolution of sex chromosomes, gynandromorphy, dioecy, X- and Y-linked inheritance, molecular mechanisms of sex determination (10) Evolutionary and developmental processes (or evo/devo): heterotopic changes, heterochronic changes, environmental adaptation
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