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Lecturer(s)
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Vyšín Ivo, RNDr. CSc.
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Richterek Lukáš, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Opatrný Tomáš, prof. RNDr. Dr.
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Course content
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Basic Concepts of the Standard Cosmological Model Principles of relativistic cosmology. The Friedmann equation. The Robertson-Walker metric. Density and pressure in the universe. Hubble's law. Light propagation in Friedmann models. Observational parameters of the universe. The age of observed objects. The future of the universe. Photometric distance and Hubble diagrams. The early universe, inflation, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Fundamentals of Quantum Information Moore's Law and the physical limits of classical computation. The concept of quantum computing. Challenges in building a quantum computer. Quantum bits, quantum gates, and the reversibility of quantum computation. Combinations of quantum gates. The quantum Fourier transform. Shor's algorithm and integer factorization. Grover's algorithm and searching in unordered lists. Quantum cryptography. Quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. Study of contemporary scientific literature and presentations on selected problems in modern physics An important part of the course consists of students' own presentations on insights gained from studying modern scientific literature (both specialized and popular science sources), the translation of complex physical content into an understandable form, and discussions with peers.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Work with Text (with Book, Textbook)
- Attendace
- 26 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 10 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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Bring to the students selected ideas of modern physical disciplines: basic ideas of standard cosmological model and quantum information theory. Improve their ability to get information of new results from contemporary literature and discuss it with their peers.
A course focused on developing the ability to understand a problem, explain its nature, interpret data, and predict the behavior of given phenomena. Student: 1. Explains the basic principles of relativistic cosmology and the standard cosmological model, particularly the significance of the Friedmann equations, Hubble's law, cosmological parameters, the expansion of the universe, the early universe, and inflation. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.1 - Possesses the knowledge and skills in the subjects taught that enable them to effectively plan and conduct instruction. 1.2 - Effectively conveys the content of the subjects taught to students in accordance with their educational needs. 2. Describes the basic concepts of quantum information, particularly the quantum bit, quantum gate, quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography, and the principles of selected quantum algorithms. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.1 - Develops a professional understanding of physical concepts, models, and methods. 1.3 - Develops a positive attitude toward the field of study, follows its development and future. 3. Is familiar with current topics in contemporary physics and can distinguish between scientifically sound explanations, popularized simplifications, and inaccurate or misleading statements. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.3 - Has a positive attitude toward the subjects being taught, takes an interest in their development and future, utilizes modern technology, and critically evaluates subject-specific information sources. 6.1 - Systematically works on their professional development. 4. Identifies, studies, and critically analyzes scholarly sources on a selected topic in contemporary physics and prepares an academic presentation on the topic. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.2 - Helps students understand the connections between theoretical concepts, real-world phenomena, and practical applications. 2.1 - Sets instructional goals and guides students toward understanding the content. 6.1 - Reflects on their own academic and professional development. 5. Presents a challenging physics topic clearly, responds to questions, leads a substantive discussion, and formulates conclusions appropriate for the target audience. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.2 - Conveys challenging specialized content in a didactically effective manner. 2.3 - Fosters motivation to learn and intellectual curiosity. 5.1 - Collaborates with colleagues and communicates specialized content in a professional setting. 6. Proposes ways in which a selected topic in contemporary physics can be used in high school physics instruction or in public outreach education, and assesses what adaptations are necessary given the students' age, prior knowledge, and educational needs. Link to the Competency Framework: 1.2 - Adapts specialized content to students' educational needs. 2.2 - Identifies students' educational needs and plans lessons so that students can actively participate. 2.4 - Guides students toward understanding and applying knowledge in broader contexts.
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Prerequisites
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Students are expected to have a basic understanding of general physics, the special theory of relativity, quantum physics, and mathematical methods in physics, equivalent to the level covered in a previous bachelor's degree program in physics.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Analysis of linguistic, Didactic Test, Dialog
Assessment of learning outcomes takes place in person in the form of a colloquium. To pass the course, students must actively participate in class, regularly study the recommended literature and materials made available on the Moodle LMS, complete two final tests, and deliver their own academic presentation. Students take two tests focused on basic understanding of the topics covered: one on relativistic cosmology and the standard cosmological model, and the other on quantum information. In addition, students will prepare and deliver two presentations, one on a selected topic from each of the course's main areas. The evaluation includes the technical accuracy of the presentation, the use of current scientific literature, the ability to explain the physical nature of the problem, and participation in the discussion. The colloquium assesses whether the student understands the basic concepts, models, and methods of contemporary physics, can place them in a broader context, and is able to convey them clearly to future students, pupils, or colleagues.
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Recommended literature
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& Berman, G. P. (1998). Introduction to quantum computers. New Jersey.
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Nature.
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Physical Review Letters.
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Science.
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Bořkovec, M. a kol. (2023). Kompetenční rámec absolventa a absolventky učitelství. Praha.
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Bořkovec M. a kol. Kompetenční rámec absolventa a absolventky učitelství. Praha. 2023.
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Feynman. (2000). Přednášky z fyziky 1-3. Praha.
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Guidry M. (2019). Modern General Relativity: Black Holes, Gravitational Waves, and Cosmology.
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Hartle, J.B. (2003). Gravity: An introduction to Einstein's general relativity. San Francisco.
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Liddle, A. R. (1999). An introduction to modern cosmology. Chichester.
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Ryden B. (2016). Introduction to Cosmology.
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Scully M. O. and Zubairy M. S. (1997). Quantum Optics. Cambridge Univ.
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