Structure of the measuring chain, converters of physical quantities to electrical quantities, their static and dynamic characteristics and reduction of their errors Sensors (detectors, converters) of visible light radiation, thermal and photoelectric detectors (photoelectric cell, photomultiplier, photoresistor, photodiode) Sensors of temperature, resistive, semiconducting, thermoelectric, pyroelectric thermometers, IT90 temperature scale Detection of ionization radiation, scintillation, gaseous and semiconducting detectors, detection of charged particles, photon of gamma-rays, neutrons Noise of the measuring chain, transmission of a signal from a detector, principle of elimination of noisy influences Vacuum technique, methods of obtaining of vacuum, types of vacuum pumps, measurements of low pressures, construction of vacuum instruments Low-temperature measurements, methods of obtaining of low temperatures, specifications of measurements of low temperatures, cryostats Analog processing of signals from the detectors, types of amplifiers, measuring and charge-sensitive amplifier, integration and differentiation of signals, amplitude and time analysis of signals Digital processing of signals, multichannel amplitude analyzer, averaging of signals, measurement of correlation and autocorrelation functions Digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters Digital measuring instruments, digital oscilloscopes, measurement of time, frequency and phase shift, spectral analyzers Automated measuring systems (CAMAC, NIM, VXI), virtual measuring instruments Measurement of weak signal, synchronous detection, synchronous detection in optical measurements, method of photon counting Use of ionization radiation in the research, neutron activation analysis, roentgen-fluorescent analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy Tunneling scanning microscopy and other derived methods
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Sensors. Detection of ionization radiation, scintillation, gaseous and semiconducting detectors, detection of charged particles, photon of gamma-rays, neutrons. Noise of the measuring chain. Construction of vacuum instruments. Analog processing of signals from the detectors.
Students will obtain an overview about basic kind of instruments, which serve to physical experiments. Students will understnad the principles of the instruments and will be able to apply them in experimental practice.
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Vedral, J.; Fischer, J. (1999). Elektronické obvody pro měřicí techniku. ČVUT, Praha.
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