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Lecturer(s)
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Klos Dardan, Mgr.
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Bryksová Magdaléna, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Plíhalová Lucie, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Zatloukal Marek, RNDr. Ph.D.
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Plačková Lenka, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Introduction - history, development of organic chemistry as a science, structure of organic chemistry. General part - structure of organic molecules and their presentation. Models, kinds of structural formulas. Isomerism, nomenclature of organic compounds. Relationship between structure, properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Bonding and steric factors. Types of organic reactions, their mechanism. Agents and their classification. The preparation, properties, and reactivity of organic compounds. - Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds), Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Phenols, Compound with sulphur, Nitrogen organic compounds, Organometalic compounds, Compounds with carbonyl groups (Aldehydes and ketones and their derivatives), Quinones, Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halogen-, hydroxy- and keto-carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteines. Heterocyclic compounds - classification of heterocycles, general approach to properties and syntheses. Carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Analytical chemistry in context with other natural sciences. Classification of qualitative and quantitative methods of chemical analysis. The common steps in quantitative analysis - the choice of method, sampling, representative sample, preparation of laboratory sample, decomposition and dissolving of sample, elimination of interferences, calibration and measurement of sample (analytical signal). The interpretation of analytical signal. Analytical reactions. Qualitative inorganic analysis (the Okáč´s system) and organic analysis (CHONX, functional group). Gravimetry and volumetry. Basic principle and application of electrochemical methods (potentiometry, polarography, conductometry) spectroscopic methods (RGT, AAS, UV-VIS, IR, NMR, MS - structural analysis) and sepration methods (GC, HPLC, CE). Biochemical analytical methods (immunoanalysis of low-molecular compounds). Analysis of real samples. Preconcentration and pre-separation techniques. Demostration of develompment of analytical method. The examples of some analysis in forensic, hygiene, metallurgic and research laboratory.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture
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Learning outcomes
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Introduction - history, development of organic chemistry as a science, structure of organic chemistry. Organic chemistry part consists of the following topics: The object of the lectures is to learn basics of organic chemistry relationship in biological systems. It constists of following chaptures: Biogenous elements, carbon, binding capacity of carbon, bond types, stereochemistry of molecules, isomerism. Nomenclature of organic compounds. Reaction mechanisms. Inductive and mesomeric effects.Steric effects. Homolysis and heterolysis. Substitution, elimination, addition and rearrangement reactions. Oxidation and reduction of organic compounds. Carbohydrates: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds. Hydroxoderivatives: alcohols and phenols. Ethers. Amines. Nitrocompounds. Carbonyl compounds: aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids and their functional (halogenides, anhydrides, amides, esters) and substitutional (hydroxyacids, aminoacids, oxoacids) derivatives. Carbonic acid derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds. 5-, 6-membered rings with O, S, N. Purine and pyrimidine derivatives, DNA, RNA. Alkaloids. Aminoacids. Peptidic bond and their properties. Peptides and proteins, enzymes. Vitamins. Saccharides: mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. Reactions of saccharides. Derivatives of saccharides, glycosides. Lipids: simple and compound lipids. Biomolecules and their chemical principles.
Describe main approaches and strategies in organic chemistry, explain the system and properties of organic compounds
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Mark
80% knowledge of course
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Recommended literature
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Červinka O., Dědek V., Ferles M. (1980). Organická chemie. SNTL Praha.
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Pánek P., Dombek V. (1994). Základy analytické chemie pro studenty ekologie.
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Slouka J., Wiedermannová I. (2002). Průvodce některými úvodními kapitolami organické chemie. UP Olomouc.
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Solomons G., Fryhle C. (1999). Organic Chemistry 7th. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
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Šimek J., Bekárek V. (1985). Základy analytické chemie.
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