1. Introduction to Biotechnology - history and current status of biotechnology, classification of biotechnology, and major fields of application 2. Gene and Genome I - overview of cell structure, DNA and chromosome organization, gene and genome structure, DNA replication, RNA and protein synthesis, principles of genetic engineering, genetic modification technologies, methodologies, and applications 3. Microbial Biotechnology I - utilization of microorganisms, fermentation biotechnology, ethanol fermentation, production of beer, wine, ethanol, distilled spirits 4. Microbial Biotechnology II - microbial biomass production, production of primary and secondary microbial metabolites, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic proteins, biopolymers, and genetic engineering strategies in microorganisms 5. Plant Biotechnology I - plant cell and tissue cultures, history of crop genetic modification, molecular markers, methods of plant genetic engineering, selectable markers, reporter genes, and plant genome editing technologies 6. Plant Biotechnology II - applications of genetic engineering in plants, development of transgenic crops, genetically modified crops, strategies for crop yield improvement, practical applications, production of plant-derived biopharmaceuticals and vaccines, recombinant proteins, and production of biodegradable polyesters in plants 7. Animal Biotechnology - methods for generating transgenic animals, genetic transformation techniques, applications of transgenic animals, cloning, targeted control of transgene expression, improvement of animal health, enhancement of animal production traits, and production of human antibodies in animals 8. Medical Biotechnology I - production of pharmaceuticals, plant-made pharmaceuticals, monoclonal antibodies and their applications, antibiotics, and vaccines 9. Medical Biotechnology II - pharmacogenomics, molecular biomarkers, gene therapy, genetic testing, regenerative medicine, genetic disorders in humans, and the potential applications of gene therapy for their treatment 10. Environmental Biotechnology - environmental protection, bioremediation processes, biological wastewater treatment, composting, lignocellulose biodegradation, production of bioplastics, biofuels, and application of biocatalysis 11. Industrial Applications of Biotechnology - production of bioplastics, industrial biocatalysts, biofuels, biopesticides, and biosensors 12. Ethics and Biotechnology - biotechnology and the environment, economic and societal aspects of biotechnology, science and communication, legislation and regulatory approval of biotechnological products, intellectual property and patents, human genetics and its ethical implications, legislation governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), current trends in the cultivation of genetically modified crops, and the application of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) for the development of advanced biotechnological crops
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The course aims to provide students with an introduction to the fundamental principles, concepts, and methods of modern biotechnology. The introductory part presents basic definitions, the historical development of biotechnology, its classification, and major fields of application, including agriculture, food production, industry, environmental technologies, and biomedicine. The subsequent part focuses on the molecular biological foundations of biotechnology. Students will become familiar with the structure and function of genetic information, gene organization and expression, the principles of genetic engineering, and basic methods of genetic manipulation. The course also provides an overview of model organisms used in biotechnological research and applications, including microorganisms, yeasts, plants, and animal models. The third part of the course addresses technologically relevant biochemical and biological processes based on the use of living organisms, cells, or their components. Particular attention is devoted to microbial processes, fermentation technologies, enzyme biotechnology, the production of biologically active compounds, and the fundamental principles of industrial biotechnological processes. The final part of the course focuses on the ethical, societal, and economic aspects of biotechnology, intellectual property protection, patent procedures, and the basic legislative framework governing biotechnology research, development, and applications in both national and international contexts. Upon successful completion of the course, students will have acquired a fundamental understanding of contemporary biotechnology, the principles underlying the use of biological systems in technological applications, and the ability to navigate the basic methods, applications, and regulatory aspects of this interdisciplinary field.
Students will gain a broad, foundational knowledge of various areas of biotechnology, their basic principles, current applications, and promising directions for future development and use in biology, medicine, agriculture, and industry.
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