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Lecturer(s)
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Šebela Marek, prof. Mgr. Dr.
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Petřivalský Marek, prof. Mgr. Dr.
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Course content
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Abiotic and biotic stress factors: perception and specificity of individual types of stress stimuli; tolerance, resistance and adaptation to diverse plant species to stress conditions. Signalling pathway of plant responses to abiotic stress factors: signalling pathways of phytohormones abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic acid and strigonolactones; specific elements of plant responses to drought and salinity, damage by UV radiation, heat and cold stress, exposure to heavy metals and to xenobiotics. Signalling pathway of plant responses to biotic stress factors: signalling pathways of phytohormones salicylic acid and jasmonates, specific elements of plant responses to mechanical damage by insect pests, plant-to-plant interactions and allelopathy. Plant interaction with microbial pathogens: recognition and responses as foundation of plant sensitivity and resistance; role of membrane receptors and pathogen- and effector-induced plant immunity; defence responses in plant pathogenesis on tissue and cellular levels. Common elements of intracellular signalling in responses to stress conditions: roles of receptor kinases and G-proteins, cascades of mitogen-activates kinases, secondary messengers - calcium ions, cyclic GMP, cyclic ADP-ribose. Oxidative stress as a common feature of plant stress conditions - production and degradation of reactive oxygen species, intracellular localization and regulation, interaction with reactive nitrogen species, antioxidant enzymes and systems. Current methods of studies of plant stress responses: viability and cell death; quantitative analysis of plant hormone production in vitro, detection and quantification of reactive forms of nitrogen and oxygen, analysis of activities, levels and gene expression of protein effectors and enzymes, proteomic and metabolomics approaches.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
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Learning outcomes
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The subject will introduce students to the field of plant responses to stress stimuli on tissue, cellular and molecular levels, importance and functions of inter- and intracellular signalling pathways regulating plant responses to stress conditions. The subject will provide also an overview of experimental methods used to study model plant stress systems and specific signal components and effectors of plant response to diverse types of abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Prerequisites
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Successful graduated studium of Bachelor of Science and Magister of Science in Biochemistry.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral exam
Oral examination - successfuly answered three questions of general knowledge.
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Recommended literature
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Crisp PA, Ganguly D, Eichten SR et al. (2016). Reconsidering plant memory: Intersections between stress recovery, RNA turnover, and epigenetics. Science Adv. 2, e1501340.
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Debnath M, Pandey M, Bisen PS. (2011). An omics approach to understand the plant abiotic stress. OMICS 15:739-62.
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Foyer CH, Rasool B, Davey JW, Hancock RD. (2016). Cross-tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants: a focus on resistance to aphid infestation. J. Exp.Bot. 67: 2025-2037.
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Murphy A. (2015). Hormone crosstalk in plants. J. Exp.Bot. 66: 4853-4854.
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Sewelam N, Kazan K, Schenk PM. (2016). Global Plant Stress Signaling: Reactive Oxygen Species at the Cross-Road. Front Plant Sci. 7: 187.
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Verma V, Ravindran P, Kumar PP. (2016). Plant hormone-mediated regulation of stress responses. BMC Plant Biol. 16: 86.
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Zhu JK. (2016). Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants. Cell 167: 313-324.
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