|
Lecturer(s)
|
-
Doležel Jaroslav, prof. Ing. DrSc.
|
|
Course content
|
History of the concepts of genome and gene, genome size, C-value, pseudogenes, and retrocopies. Gene structure in the post-genomic era, comparison of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, promoters, enhancers, and post-transcriptional modifications. Types and evolution of introns, splicing mechanisms, mRNA quality control, and NMD. Classification of transposons, transposition models, exaptation, tandem repeats, and dynamic mutations in human diseases. Evolution of the prokaryotic genome, eukaryogenesis, nucleoid, pangenome, horizontal gene transfer, and CRISPR-Cas. Endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and plastids, organellar genome variability, genetic promiscuity, hydrogenosomes, and nitroplasts. Architecture of the cell nucleus, nuclear envelope, macromolecular transport, subnuclear compartmentalization, chromosome territories, nucleolus structure, and nuclear bodies. Chromatin organization and the 3D genome, nucleosome dynamics, topologically associating domains, cohesin, CTCF, and barrier insulators. Functional chromosome domains, centromeres, telomeres, and nucleolar dominance. Synthetic biology, de novo genome synthesis, genetic code redesign, minimal genome organisms, synthetic yeast project, and artificial human chromosomes.
|
|
Learning activities and teaching methods
|
Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming)
- Attendace
- 24 hours per semester
- Homework for Teaching
- 24 hours per semester
|
|
Learning outcomes
|
The aim of the course is to provide students with a detailed insight into the structural, functional, and evolutionary architecture of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and organellar genomes, emphasizing their 3D organization within the cell nucleus. Graduates will understand the dynamics of genes and repetitive sequences, principles of epigenetic regulation, and gain an overview of current trends in synthetic genomics.
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: - Explain the evolution of the concept of the gene, the process of eukaryogenesis, and differences in genome architecture across the domains of life. - Characterize the properties of repetitive DNA sequences and the mechanisms of mobile element transposition within the genome. - Describe the mechanisms of intron splicing and mRNA quality control systems. - Characterize the 3D arrangement of chromatin within the cell nucleus. - Clarify the structure and function of specific chromosomal and subnuclear domains. - Analyze the significance of epigenetic modifications and organellar inheritance in organismal evolution. - Describe the possibilities and limitations of de novo genome synthesis and artificial chromosomes. - Critically evaluate scientific articles in the fields of functional and structural genomic
|
|
Prerequisites
|
The prerequisite for this course is a basic knowledge of molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry, focusing on nucleic acid structure, DNA replication, and gene expression.
|
|
Assessment methods and criteria
|
Written exam
Written test, grading scale A - E.
|
|
Recommended literature
|
-
Alberts, B., Bray, D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. (2000). Základy buněčné biologie. Ústí nad Labem.
-
ALLIS ,C.D., JENUWEIN, T., REINBERG, D., CAPARROS, M.L. (2007). Epigenetics. New York.
-
Brown, T.A. Genomes. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1999..
-
Gregory, T.R. (2005). The Evolution of the Genome. Amsterdam.
-
Leitch, I. J., Greilhuber, J., Doležal, J., & Wendel, J. F. (2013). Plant genome diversity. Wien.
-
Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VII.. Oxford.
-
Lynch, M. (2007). The Origins of Genome Architecture. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland.
-
Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Genetika. Brno.
|