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Lecturer(s)
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Najmanová Eliška, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Machýčková Lucie, Mgr.
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Musilová Lenka, Mgr. DiS., Ph.D.
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Pluháček František, doc. RNDr. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Indráková Renáta, Mgr.
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Course content
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Lecture Lecutres provides theoretical and practical preparation to the realisation of the practical-experimental activities in the frame of practical tutorial and seminars INTRODUCTION Refraction - development and changes of refraction during life AMMETROPIA Myopia (classification, symptoms, aetiology, correction, education) Hypermetropia (classification, symptoms, aetiology, correction, education) Astimgatismus (TABO, classification, symptoms, aetiology, correction, education) Effect of back vertex distance. Effect of correction aid on other visual functions. EYE EXAMINATION BY OPTOMETRISTS Legislative frame of examination by optometrists in CR, competences, situation in EU, European diploma in optometry Basics steps of the routine examination of the vision functions Recommended examinations according to EAOO PRACTICAL METHODS OF REFRACTION MEASUREMENT Objective refraction (retinoscopy, refractometry, keratometry; interpretation of results) - basics steps of subjective refraction measurement (best sphere and fine correction, astigmatismus, binocular refraction) Practical training Small groups (pairs) on separate refraction lines. Each group is separately monitored. Monitoring of output competencies using recorging form. Observation of the red fundus reflex, training of direct ophthalmoscopy; demonstration of the fundus observing by a nonmydriatic camera Retinoscopy: Spot and strip retinoscopy - spherical refractive error measurement Strip retinoscopy - determination of the main meridians of astigmatismus,measurement of the relevant refractive error Monocular examination of refractive error Measurement of PD Individual adjustment of the trial frame Best sphere - maximal "+" and minimal "-" method Best sphere - monocular fogging method Fine spherical adjustment (duochrome test, max. +/min -) Examination of astigmatismus - crosscylinder method Examination of astigmatismus - clock-dial and fogging method Complete monocular examination of refraction Binocular examination of refractive error: Binocular refractive balancing - Humphriss method Binocular rafractive balancing - double-row test Binocular refractive balancing - alternative tests Binocular refraction by polarised optotypes Fine binocular spehrical correction, visual comfort evaluation, correction checking Seminar Individual consultation and practical training. Take part on the training of students of higher years.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Demonstration, Training in job and motor Skils
- Attendace
- 78 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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To familiarize with refraction errors and their management. The next aim is to practical training in the areas of monocular vision examination.
Knowledge and practical skills. Student should: to define the refractive errors, to describe their symptoms, aetiology, classification, possibilities of correction; to understand influence of correction on the vision, accommodation and vergence system, to explain principles of measurement of refraction; to measure visual acuity; to realise practically the investigation of monocular and binocular refraction (in adults); to observe red reflex, to do retinoscopy; to measure reading add; to understand basics of refraction surgery, to be able to explain the basic method of laser refractive surgery (PRK, LASIK), to know the risks of laser refractive surgery.
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Prerequisites
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No prior requirements.
OPT/FOPX
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Student performance, Written exam
Active attendance in the exercise lessons, skills within the scope of the course topics.
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Recommended literature
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Anton, M. (2004). Refrakční vady a jejich vyšetřovací metody. V Brně: Národní centrum ošetřovatelství a nelékařských zdravotnických oborů.
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Elliott, D. B. (2013). Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care. 4th Edition. Saunders Ltd.
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Grosvenor T. (2007). Primary Care Optometry, 5th edition.. Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier.
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Harvey, W., & Franklin, A. (2005). Routine eye examination. Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
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Heissigerová, J. a kol. (2018). Oftalmologie. Praha: Maxdorf.
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Kuchynka, P. a kol. (2016). Oční lékařství. 2., přepracované a doplněné vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing.
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Polášek, J. a kol. (1975). Technický sborník oční optiky. Praha, Oční optika.
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Severa, D., Veselý, P., Beneš, P. (2016). Základy metod korekce refrakčních vad. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
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Tunnacliffe, A. H. (1993). Introduction to Visual Optics. Gresham Press, London.
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Vlková, E., Pitrová, Š., & Vlk, F. (2008). Lexikon očního lékařství: výkladový ilustrovaný slovník. Brno: F. Vlk.
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