1. The Aesthetic Background of the Music of the First Half of the 20th Century - Fundamental Trends. The Music of the Turn of the Century - trends of directing beyond the borders of European culture to Eastern cultures or to old inner layers of folklore - a trend to have an inspiration that would reach before the 19th century, to the music of the Baroque and Renaissance period - the abandonment of the known world of musical means of the expression of tonality and themes - the avant-garde revolt against 'serious', 'traditional' art - Strauss, Reger, Sibelius, Pfitzner, Debussy, Schreker, Busoni - concepts - Late Romanticism, Modernism and its developmental stages 2. Second Viennese School - Expressionism, Atonality, Dodecaphony - the definition of Expressionism in art (groups Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter) - the figures and work, the characteristic of individual creative periods: Schönberg, Berg, Webern, and the circle of their supporters 3. Neo-folklorism - the explanation of the phenomenon - the definition of the differences between folklore trends in the 19th century and neo-folklorism in the 20th century - the work in the spirit of neo-folklorism (Bartók, Kodály, Enescu, Stravinsky) 4. Neoclassicism - the birth and development from the end of the 19th century - trends to returns in Reger, Busoni, and Debussy's work - neoclassicism in Paris: the aesthetics of Les Six versus Igor Stravinsky's neoclassicism - the figures and work of Les Six (mainly that of Honegger and Milhaud) - the work and life of Igor Stravinsky - German neoclassicism 5. The Russian and Soviet Music in the first Half of the 20th Century - Russian modernism - Skrjabin - Russian avant-garde - I. Vysnegradskij, L. Theremin, Y. Golyshev, Nikolai Roslavets, A. V. Mossolov, A. V. Lourié - the figures: Myaskovsky, young Prokofiev and Shostakovich 6. The Year of 1945 as Year Zero of New Music - the terminology: tradition, modernism, avant-garde - a new relationship with the classics of modernism - A. Schonberg, A. Webern, A. Berg, B. Bartók, I. Stravinsky - the establishment of international avant-garde in Europe - the Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (from 1946, Wolfgang Steinecke) - American avant-garde in the spirit of the Schoenberg tradition - Milton Babbit - the mainstream in the music of the 20th century - aging generations of pre-war neoclassicism: F. Poulenc, P. Hindemith, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Copland, B. Britten 7. Serial Music - Olivier Messiaen as the key figure in the background of the origins of European serial music: Mode de valeurs and d'intensités - the aesthetics of serial composition: Stockhausen - Situation des Handwerks (Kriterien der punktuellen Musik), 1952. Boulez - L´esthétique et les fétiches, 1951, O? en est-on?, 1968 - the main figures of Darmstadt conservative serialism: Karlheinz Stockhausen: 'punctual music' - the adoption of the possibilities of integral serial organisation Kreuzspiel, Punkte, and Kontra-Punkte (1951-53), 'Gruppen-Form' - Klavierstücke V-XI, Zeitmaße, Gruppen. Pierre Boulez: songs on poetry by René Char - Le Visage nuptial, Le Soleil des Eaux, Improvisations sur Mallarmé, Le Marteau sans maître - next to global planning is 'local non-discipline', the new concept of music form - a step to 'open' form of music 8. Musique Concr?te and the Origins of Electronic Music - the origins - trials with the montage of hum, noises - with musique concr?te, the studio of French radio (Pierre Schaeffer) - a new music type (after 1950) - the invention of tape recorder - electroacoustic music - sounds and compositions of electronically made sounds. The first centre of electronic music - the studio Westdeutschen Rundfunks Köln (Herbert Eimert, Karlheinz Stockhausen) - 1st phase (from 1951): Stockhausen - Studien I, II, composer's work in the production of material - sine tones, their layering, noises, filtration, etc., its transformations (deformations, reverberations), and synchronisation (compilatio
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The course focuses on the music developments and figures at the beginning of the century, between the wars, and after the Second World War. Special attention will be paid to developments of musical thinking and aesthetic and cultural context. Lectures will cover especially these styles: expressionism, neoclassicism, neo-folklorism, serialism, aleatoricism and indeterminacy, timbre music, minimalism, postmodernism.
Acquired knowledge: With the completion of the course, the student acquires an overview of aesthetic and composition styles and currents, and of figures and works of the music of the 20th century. Acquired skills: The student is able: - to classify a suitable repertoire of the music of the 20th century to a dramaturgy of orchestras, opera theatres as well as chamber ensembles; - to create a dramaturgy for a festival of contemporary music. Acquired qualifications: The student is able to use their knowledge and skills in axiological or stylistic comparison of the music of this period.
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BEK, JOSEF:. Hudební neoklasicismus, Praha 1982.
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DANUSER, H.:. Die Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Neues Handbuch der Musikwissenschaft, Bd. 7. Laaber 1996..
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Dibellius, Ch.:. Moderne Musik I 1945-65. München 1991.
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Dibellius, Ch.:. Moderne Musik II 1965-85. München 1994.
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DRUSKIN, MICHAIL, SEMJONOVIČ. Igor Stravinskij : osobnost, dílo, názory. Praha 1981..
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DRUSKIN, MICHAIL, SEMJONOVIČ. O západoeurópskej hudbe 20. storočia. Bratislava 1976..
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HRADECKÝ, E. Paul Hindemith: svár teorie s praxí. Praha 1974..
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Kolektiv autorů. Handbuch der Musik im 20. Jahrhundert, 1-12 Bde. Laaber..
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KOLNEDER, W. Anton Webern. Einführung in Werk und Stil. Rodenkirchen 1961..
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MORGAN, ROBERT P.:. Twentieth Century Music. A History of Musical Style in Modern Europe and America. New York-London, W.W. Norton 1992.
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NAVRÁTIL, MILOŠ:. Nástin vývoje evropské hudby 20. století, Ostrava 1993.
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SCHERLIESS, V. Igor Stravinskij und seine Zeit. Laaber 2002..
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SCHNIERER, MILOSLAV. Svět orchestru 20. století, Praha 1995, 1998, 1999.
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SCHÖNBERG, ARNOLD. Styl a idea. Praha 2004..
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STRAVINSKIJ, I. Hudobná poetika. Kronika mojho života. Bratislava 2002..
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STUCKENSCHMIDT, H. H. Arnold Schönberg. Praha 1971..
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SUTHERLAND, ROGER. New Perspectives in Music, London 1994.
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VYSLOUŽIL, JIŘÍ:. Hudobníci 20. storočia, Bratislava 1981.
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WEID, JEAN-NOËL von der. Die Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Frankfurt am Main 2001..
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