1) Definition of nanotechnology, definition of nanomaterial Basic phenomena in nanostructures, distribution of phenomena: surface effects ("surface effects") and phenomena associated with the finite size of particles ("finite-size effects") and the effect of quantum confinement. Physical classification of materials based on the quantum confinement effect, quantum wires, quantum dots and quantum wells - quantum films), general nanostructure formation processes ("bottom-up" and "top-down" approach), four generations of nanotechnology (passive nanostructures, active nanostructures , integrated nanosystems and molecular nanosystems) 2) Chemical bonds Ionic bond, metallic bond, covalent bond (the method of combining atomic orbitals, polar and van der Waals fluctuation forces, electric polarization of neutral atoms and molecules, dipole interactions of neutral and symmetric atoms, Casimir force - explanation, experimental setup for measuring Casimir force, hydrogen bond . 3) Properties in the nanoworld increase in mechanical frequencies in small systems (simple harmonic oscillations, Young's modulus in the nanoworld, vibrations of a linear atomic chain - coupling between microscopic and macroscopic quantities), dimensional relations demonstrated by a simple harmonic oscillator, dimensional relations demonstrated by elements of simple electric and magnetic circuits, Temperature time constants and temperature differences in the nanoworld, viscous forces in the nanoworld, limits of smallness in the nanoworld . 4) Properties of individual nanoparticles Classification of individual nanoparticles from the point of view of their size (definition of lumpy material, nanoparticle - nanocluster and molecule, their distinction), characteristic length of physical phenomena, metal nanoclusters (preparation method, structural and electronic magic numbers, superatoms, jellium model, droplet model of nanoparticles, geometric structure of individual nanoparticles, electronic structure of individual nanoparticles. 5) Basics of magnetism Orbital and spin magnetic moment, orbital coupling, angular momentum quantization, exchange interaction, double exchange interaction, superexchange interaction, magnetocrystal anisotropy, magnetic domains. 6) Magnetism of nanoparticles Monodomain, superparamagnetism, blocking temperature, measurement of magnetic properties, atom clusters of atoms, molecular magnets, nanocrystalline materials 7) Application of magnetic nanomaterials Drug transport, hyperthermia, contrast agents for NMRI, recording media, magnetic shielding, spintronics 8) Mechanical properties Elastic, plastic deformation, Method of measuring mechanical properties, dislocations, edge screw, Burgers vector, twinning, slip along planes-creep, slip along grain boundaries. Frank-read source of dislocations, Space filling, Hall-Petch relation, grain size increase under pressure, material softening. Nonoindentation, superplasticity. 9) Optical properties Band structure of semiconductors, metals and insulators, interband transitions, Excitons, polarons, blue shift, light absorption Beer-Lambert law, Refractive index using nanomaterials. Quantum confinement of excitons, metal nanoparticles - plasmons, surface plasmons, Quantum dots, electroluminescence. 10) Application Environmental applications, catalytic applications, photocatalysis, water purification, waste disposal, toxicity of nanomaterials. Medical applications, prosthetics, phototherapy, drug transport. Energy applications, batteries, energy storage, photovoltaics, construction materials.
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